Implement V2 registration support

Support blob-encrypted ciphers and match upstream's key id checks
Add biometrics-sdk-ipc feature flag (#7813 )
2026-10-23 01:18:09 +03:00 · 2026-10-07 23:38:51 +02:00 · 2026-10-07 23:38:50 +02:00 · 2026-10-07 19:20:23 +02:00 · 2026-10-07 19:20:04 +02:00 · 2026-10-07 19:19:26 +02:00
117 changed files with 17299 additions and 23991 deletions
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-// Ignore everything
+# Ignore everything
 *

-// Allow what is needed
+# Allow what is needed
 !.git
 !docker/healthcheck.sh
 !docker/start.sh
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 ## Defaults to every minute. Set blank to disable this job.
 # AUTH_REQUEST_PURGE_SCHEDULE="30 * * * * *"
 ##
-## Cron schedule of the job that cleans expired Duo contexts from the database. Does nothing if Duo MFA is disabled or set to use the legacy iframe prompt.
+## Cron schedule of the job that cleans expired Duo contexts from the database. Does nothing if Duo MFA is disabled.
 ## Defaults to every minute. Set blank to disable this job.
 # DUO_CONTEXT_PURGE_SCHEDULE="30 * * * * *"
 #
@@ -338,6 +338,8 @@
 ## "local" accepts it from any non global address, which covers a reverse proxy running on the same
 ## host or container network. Use "all" to accept it from anywhere, or list the addresses of your
 ## proxy as IPs and CIDR ranges if it connects from a public address.
+## For a list header like X-Forwarded-For, the client IP is the rightmost address that isn't one of
+## these proxies, so with several proxies in a row (a CDN in front of nginx, for example) list all of them.
 # IP_HEADER_TRUSTED_PROXIES=local

 ## Icon service
@@ -390,21 +392,17 @@
 ##
 ## The following flags are available:
 ## - "pm-5594-safari-account-switching": Enable account switching in Safari. (Safari >= 2026.2.0)
-## - "ssh-agent": Enable SSH agent support on Desktop. (Desktop >= 2024.12.0)
+## - "pm-32413-multi-client-password-management": Enable changing the master password directly in the client. (Desktop/Extension >= 2026.4.0)
 ## - "ssh-agent-v2": Enable newer SSH agent support. (Desktop >= 2026.2.1)
-## - "ssh-key-vault-item": Enable the creation and use of SSH key vault items. (Clients >= 2024.12.0)
-## - "pm-25373-windows-biometrics-v2": Enable the new implementation of biometrics on Windows. (Desktop >= 2025.11.0)
-## - "pm-26340-linux-biometrics-v2": Enable the new implementation of biometrics on Linux. (Desktop >= 2025.11.0)
-## - "anon-addy-self-host-alias": Enable configuring self-hosted Anon Addy alias generator. (Android >= 2025.3.0, iOS >= 2025.4.0)
-## - "simple-login-self-host-alias": Enable configuring self-hosted Simple Login alias generator. (Android >= 2025.3.0, iOS >= 2025.4.0)
-## - "mutual-tls": Enable the use of mutual TLS on Android (Clients >= 2025.2.0)
-## - "cxp-import-mobile": Enable the import via CXP on iOS (Clients >= 2025.9.2)
-## - "cxp-export-mobile": Enable the export via CXP on iOS (Clients >= 2025.9.2)
+## - "windows-desktop-autotype": Enable the autotype feature preview on Windows. (Desktop >= 2025.8.0)
+## - "windows-desktop-autotype-ga": Enable the new, still in development, autotype implementation on Windows. (Desktop >= 2026.9.1)
+##   Only enable one of the two autotype flags, the clients disable autotype completely when both are enabled.
 ## - "pm-30529-webauthn-related-origins":
-## - "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-1": Special feature flag for desktop UI (Desktop >= 2026.2.0)
-## - "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-2": Special feature flag for desktop UI (Desktop >= 2026.2.0)
-## - "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-3": Special feature flag for desktop UI (Desktop >= 2026.2.0)
-## - "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-4": Special feature flag for desktop UI (Desktop >= 2026.2.0)
+## - "pm-32009-new-item-types": Enable new item types: Bank Account, Driver's License, and Passport (Clients >= 2026.4.0)
+## - "pm-34171-card-scanner": Enable the new card scanner feature on mobile (Android >= 2026.4.1, iOS >= 2026.4.1)
+## - "enable-basic-auth-response": Enable HTTP Basic Auth autofill in the browser extension (Browser >= 2026.9.0)
+## - "undetermined-cipher-scenario-logic": Enable the rewritten add/update login notification triggering logic in the browser extension (Browser >= 2026.2.0)
+## - "biometrics-sdk-ipc": Enable biometric unlock over the SDK IPC framework (Desktop >= 2026.9.0, Browser >= 2026.9.0)
 # EXPERIMENTAL_CLIENT_FEATURE_FLAGS=

 ## Require new device emails. When a user logs in an email is required to be sent.
@@ -518,6 +516,9 @@
 ## Prevent users from logging in directly without going through SSO
 # SSO_ONLY=false

+## Allow SSO flow to create account. You probably want to disable it when using a public provider.
+# SSO_SIGNUPS_ALLOWED=true
+
 ## On SSO Signup if a user with a matching email already exists make the association
 # SSO_SIGNUPS_MATCH_EMAIL=true

@@ -580,11 +581,6 @@
 # DUO_HOST=<API Hostname>
 ## After that, you should be able to follow the rest of the guide linked above,
 ## ignoring the fields that ask for the values that you already configured beforehand.
-##
-## If you want to attempt to use Duo's 'Traditional Prompt' (deprecated, iframe based) set DUO_USE_IFRAME to 'true'.
-## Duo no longer supports this, but it still works for some integrations.
-## If you aren't sure, leave this alone.
-# DUO_USE_IFRAME=false

 ## Email 2FA settings
 ## Email token size
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ jobs:

      # Enable Rust Caching
      - name: Rust Caching
-        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@c19371144df3bb44fab255c43d04cbc2ab54d1c4 # v2.9.1
+        uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@6323deb102c322ba6fcbdcafc7e3dddab59af2b6 # v2.9.2
        with:
          # Use a custom prefix-key to force a fresh start. This is sometimes needed with bigger changes.
          # Like changing the build host from Ubuntu 20.04 to 22.04 for example.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      # Start Docker Buildx
      - name: Setup Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4.4.1
        # https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/3969
        # Also set max parallelism to 2, the default of 4 breaks GitHub Actions and causes OOMKills
        with:
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ jobs:
      # Uses the Docker-based action (hadolint pre-bundled in ghcr.io/hadolint/hadolint:v2.14.0-debian)
      # so no binary is downloaded at runtime. Pinned by commit SHA for supply-chain safety.
      - name: Run hadolint on Dockerfile.debian
-        uses: hadolint/hadolint-action@2a66e89f53d0771bb131a7fa31f3136336094aa6 # v3.4.0
+        uses: hadolint/hadolint-action@06be81baf89a55ffd0e24b8f04a4185738dd3387 # v3.5.0
        with:
          dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile.debian

      - name: Run hadolint on Dockerfile.alpine
-        uses: hadolint/hadolint-action@2a66e89f53d0771bb131a7fa31f3136336094aa6 # v3.4.0
+        uses: hadolint/hadolint-action@06be81baf89a55ffd0e24b8f04a4185738dd3387 # v3.5.0
        with:
          dockerfile: docker/Dockerfile.alpine
      # End Test Dockerfiles with hadolint
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Initialize QEMU binfmt support
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@96fe6ef7f33517b61c61be40b68a1882f3264fb8 # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@99012661954931238ded8c8b007157a8430204e1 # v4.4.0
        with:
          platforms: "arm64,arm"

      # Start Docker Buildx
      - name: Setup Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@bb05f3f5519dd87d3ba754cc423b652a5edd6d2c # v4.2.0
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@f87e5991a6d7451dcb8d9637bfbc97413f497069 # v4.4.1
        # https://github.com/moby/buildkit/issues/3969
        # Also set max parallelism to 2, the default of 4 breaks GitHub Actions and causes OOMKills
        with:
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ jobs:

      - name: Bake ${{ matrix.base_image }} containers
        id: bake_vw
-        uses: docker/bake-action@d3418bd7d0e9324001bca92fa8ba175ea7e6dc9b # v7.3.0
+        uses: docker/bake-action@018cb6412ab401ebaa809aa5f85966b74628600f # v7.4.0
        env:
          BASE_TAGS: "${{ steps.determine-version.outputs.BASE_TAGS }}"
          SOURCE_COMMIT: "${{ env.SOURCE_COMMIT }}"
@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ jobs:
          severity: CRITICAL,HIGH

      - name: Upload Trivy scan results to GitHub Security tab
-        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@5595ccaf912efad79be6eef63a5619ff05969be3 # v4.37.6
+        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@2892aa5e19bbd11bc0cff5427e3b750a04d9e3c2 # v4.38.2
        with:
          sarif_file: 'trivy-results.sarif'
@@ -23,4 +23,4 @@ jobs:

      # When this version is updated, do not forget to update this in `.pre-commit-config.yaml` too
      - name: Spell Check Repo
-        uses: crate-ci/typos@8a48f81b6c64dcfea44b3633223084c4be58ac5f # v1.49.0
+        uses: crate-ci/typos@00f422f3b19c57bc6338715ebfe3316d38768461 # v1.50.3
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
          persist-credentials: false

      - name: Run zizmor
-        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@3dc1ecc9bcb9e94e9b2c709687979e1298497054 # v0.6.2
+        uses: zizmorcore/zizmor-action@cc914d7f3750a2d13d75c7f184a1060aa0e9d482 # v0.6.4
        with:
          # intentionally not scanning the entire repository,
          # since it contains integration tests.
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ repos:

  # When this version is updated, do not forget to update this in `.github/workflows/typos.yaml` too
  - repo: https://github.com/crate-ci/typos
-    rev: 8a48f81b6c64dcfea44b3633223084c4be58ac5f # v1.49.0
+    rev: 00f422f3b19c57bc6338715ebfe3316d38768461 # v1.50.3
    hooks:
      - id: typos
        always_run: true
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ extend-ignore-re = [
    # In SMTP it's called HELO, so ignore it
    "(?i)helo_name",
    "Server name sent during.+HELO",
-    # COSE Is short for CBOR Object Signing and Encryption, ignore these specific items
-    "COSEKey",
-    "COSEAlgorithm",
+    # COSE Is short for CBOR Object Signing and Encryption
+    "(?i)cose",
    # Ignore this specific string as it's valid
    "Ensure they are valid OTPs",
    # This word is misspelled upstream
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [workspace.package]
 edition = "2024"
-rust-version = "1.95.0"
+rust-version = "1.97.1"
 license = "AGPL-3.0-only"
 repository = "https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden"
 publish = false
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ members = ["macros"]
 name = "vaultwarden"
 version = "1.0.0"
 authors = ["Daniel García <dani-garcia@users.noreply.github.com>"]
-readme = "README.md"
 build = "build.rs"
 repository.workspace = true
 edition.workspace = true
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ vendored_openssl = ["openssl/vendored"]
 enable_mimalloc = ["dep:mimalloc"]
 s3 = [
    "opendal/services-s3",
+    "dep:opendal-http-transport-reqwest",
    "dep:aws-config",
    "dep:aws-credential-types",
    "dep:aws-smithy-runtime-api",
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ syslog = "7.0.0"
 macros = { path = "./macros" }

 # Logging
-log = "0.4.33"
+log = "0.4.34"
 fern = { version = "0.7.1", features = ["syslog-7", "reopen-1"] }
 # We need the `log` feature for `tracing` to enable logging for several crates to work, like lettre or webauthn-rs
 tracing = { version = "0.1.44", features = ["log"] }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ dotenvy = { version = "0.15.7", default-features = false }
 # Numerical libraries
 num-traits = "0.2.19"
 num-derive = "0.5.1"
-bigdecimal = "0.4.10"
+bigdecimal = "0.4.11"

 # Web framework
 rocket = { version = "0.5.1", default-features = false, features = ["json", "tls"] }
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ rmpv = "1.3.1" # MessagePack library
 dashmap = "6.2.1"

 # Async futures
-futures = "0.3.33"
-tokio = { version = "1.53.1", features = [
+futures = "0.3.34"
+tokio = { version = "1.53.2", features = [
    "fs",
    "io-util",
    "net",
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ serde = { version = "1.0.229", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.151"

 # A safe, extensible ORM and Query builder
-diesel = { version = "2.3.11", features = ["chrono", "r2d2", "numeric"] }
+diesel = { version = "2.3.13", features = ["chrono", "r2d2", "numeric", "64-column-tables"] }
 diesel_migrations = "2.3.2"

 derive_more = { version = "2.1.1", features = [
@@ -120,16 +120,16 @@ derive_more = { version = "2.1.1", features = [
 diesel-derive-newtype = "2.1.3"

 # SQLite, statically bundled unless the `sqlite_system` feature is enabled
-libsqlite3-sys = { version = "0.37.0", optional = true }
+libsqlite3-sys = { version = "0.38.2", optional = true }

 # Crypto-related libraries
-rand = "0.10.2"
+rand = "0.10.3"
 ring = "0.17.14"
-rustls = { version = "0.23.43", features = ["ring", "std"], default-features = false }
+rustls = { version = "0.23.45", features = ["ring", "std"], default-features = false }
 subtle = "2.6.1"

 # UUID generation
-uuid = { version = "1.24.0", features = ["v4"] }
+uuid = { version = "1.27.0", features = ["v4"] }

 # Date and time libraries
 chrono = { version = "0.4.45", default-features = false, features = ["clock", "serde"] }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ job_scheduler_ng = "2.5.0"
 data-encoding = "2.11.1"

 # JWT library
-jsonwebtoken = { version = "11.0.0", default-features = false, features = ["rust_crypto", "use_pem"] }
+jsonwebtoken = { version = "11.1.0", default-features = false, features = ["rust_crypto", "use_pem"] }

 # TOTP library
 totp-lite = "2.0.1"
@@ -180,10 +180,10 @@ percent-encoding = "2.3.2" # URL encoding library used for URL's in the emails
 email_address = "0.2.9"

 # HTML Template library
-handlebars = { version = "6.4.3", features = ["dir_source"] }
+handlebars = { version = "6.4.4", features = ["dir_source"] }

 # HTTP client (Used for favicons, version check, DUO and HIBP API)
-reqwest = { version = "0.13.4", default-features = false, features = [
+reqwest = { version = "0.13.5", default-features = false, features = [
    # Misc
    "charset",
    "cookies",
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ reqwest = { version = "0.13.4", default-features = false, features = [
    "socks",
    "system-proxy",
 ] }
-hickory-resolver = "0.26.1"
+hickory-resolver = "0.26.3"

 # Favicon extraction libraries
 html5gum = "0.8.4"
@@ -212,13 +212,13 @@ regex = { version = "1.13.1", default-features = false, features = [
 ] }
 data-url = "0.3.2"
 bytes = "1.12.1"
-svg-hush = "0.9.6"
+svg-hush = "0.9.7"

 # Cache function results (Used for version check and favicon fetching)
-cached = { version = "2.0.2", features = ["async"] }
+cached = { version = "4.0.1", features = ["async"] }

 # Used for custom short lived cookie jar during favicon extraction
-cookie = "0.18.1"
+cookie = "0.18.2"
 cookie_store = "0.22.1"

 # Used by U2F, JWT and PostgreSQL
@@ -232,11 +232,11 @@ pastey = "0.2.3"
 governor = "0.10.4"

 # CIDR parsing for the trusted proxies of the client IP header
-ipnet = "2.12.1"
+ipnet = "2.12.2"

 # OIDC for SSO
 openidconnect = { version = "4.0.1", default-features = false }
-moka = { version = "0.12.15", features = ["future"] }
+moka = { version = "0.12.16", features = ["future"] }

 # Check client versions for specific features.
 semver = "1.0.28"
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ semver = "1.0.28"
 # Mainly used for the musl builds, since the default musl malloc is very slow
 mimalloc = { version = "0.1.52", optional = true, default-features = false, features = ["secure"] }

-which = "8.0.5"
+which = "8.0.6"

 # Argon2 library with support for the PHC format
-argon2 = "0.5.3"
+argon2 = "0.6.0"

 # Reading a password from the cli for generating the Argon2id ADMIN_TOKEN
 rpassword = "7.5.4"
@@ -257,20 +257,21 @@ rpassword = "7.5.4"
 grass_compiler = { version = "0.13.4", default-features = false }

 # File are accessed through Apache OpenDAL
-opendal = { version = "0.58.1", default-features = false, features = ["services-fs"] }
+opendal = { version = "0.59.4", default-features = false, features = ["services-fs"] }
+opendal-http-transport-reqwest = { version = "0.59.4", default-features = false, features = ["rustls-no-provider"], optional = true }

 # For retrieving AWS credentials, including temporary SSO credentials
-aws-config = { version = "1.10.1", optional = true, default-features = false, features = [
+aws-config = { version = "1.12.0", optional = true, default-features = false, features = [
    "behavior-version-latest",
    "credentials-process",
    "rt-tokio",
    "sso",
 ] }
 aws-credential-types = { version = "1.3.0", optional = true }
-aws-smithy-runtime-api = { version = "1.14.0", optional = true }
+aws-smithy-runtime-api = { version = "1.19.0", optional = true }
 http = { version = "1.5.0", optional = true }
-reqsign-aws-v4 = { version = "3.1.0", optional = true }
-reqsign-core = { version = "3.2.1", optional = true }
+reqsign-aws-v4 = { version = "3.3.1", optional = true }
+reqsign-core = { version = "3.3.2", optional = true }

 # Strip debuginfo from the release builds
 # The debug symbols are to provide better panic traces
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 ---
-vault_version: "v2026.7.0"
-vault_image_digest: "sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c"
+vault_version: "v2026.8.0"
+vault_image_digest: "sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a"
 # Cross Compile Docker Helper Scripts v1.9.0
 # We use the linux/amd64 platform shell scripts since there is no difference between the different platform scripts
 # https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx | https://hub.docker.com/r/tonistiigi/xx/tags
 xx_image_digest: "sha256:c64defb9ed5a91eacb37f96ccc3d4cd72521c4bd18d5442905b95e2226b0e707"
-rust_version: 1.97.1 # Rust version to be used
+# The `rust_version` variable is extracted from `rust-toolchain.toml`
+# rust_version: x.yy.z # Rust version to be used
 debian_version: trixie # Debian release name to be used
 alpine_version: "3.24" # Alpine version to be used
 # For which platforms/architectures will we try to build images
@@ -19,23 +19,23 @@
 # - From https://hub.docker.com/r/vaultwarden/web-vault/tags,
 #   click the tag name to view the digest of the image it currently points to.
 # - From the command line:
-#     $ docker pull docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.7.0
-#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoDigests}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.7.0
-#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c]
+#     $ docker pull docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.8.0
+#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoDigests}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.8.0
+#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a]
 #
 # - Conversely, to get the tag name from the digest:
-#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoTags}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c
-#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.7.0]
+#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoTags}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a
+#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.8.0]
 #
-FROM --platform=linux/amd64 docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c AS vault
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a AS vault

 ########################## ALPINE BUILD IMAGES ##########################
 ## NOTE: The Alpine Base Images do not support other platforms then linux/amd64 and linux/arm64
 ## And for Alpine we define all build images here, they will only be loaded when actually used
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:x86_64-musl-stable-1.97.1 AS build_amd64
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:aarch64-musl-stable-1.97.1 AS build_arm64
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:armv7-musleabihf-stable-1.97.1 AS build_armv7
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:arm-musleabi-stable-1.97.1 AS build_armv6
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:x86_64-musl-stable-1.99.0 AS build_amd64
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:aarch64-musl-stable-1.99.0 AS build_arm64
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:armv7-musleabihf-stable-1.99.0 AS build_armv7
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM ghcr.io/blackdex/rust-musl:arm-musleabi-stable-1.99.0 AS build_armv6

 ########################## BUILD IMAGE ##########################
 # hadolint ignore=DL3006
@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@
 # - From https://hub.docker.com/r/vaultwarden/web-vault/tags,
 #   click the tag name to view the digest of the image it currently points to.
 # - From the command line:
-#     $ docker pull docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.7.0
-#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoDigests}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.7.0
-#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c]
+#     $ docker pull docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.8.0
+#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoDigests}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.8.0
+#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a]
 #
 # - Conversely, to get the tag name from the digest:
-#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoTags}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c
-#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.7.0]
+#     $ docker image inspect --format "{{.RepoTags}}" docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a
+#     [docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault:v2026.8.0]
 #
-FROM --platform=linux/amd64 docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:ba8bab66d4330ab9dbafa8f245bcbe99cf6ee3f2c8ce9b5fbb10e9c49658451c AS vault
+FROM --platform=linux/amd64 docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@sha256:632375471c7c06a799335cd74dfeaef63f92f45f9cd322c337ae7ad70081e48a AS vault

 ########################## Cross Compile Docker Helper Scripts ##########################
 ## We use the linux/amd64 no matter which Build Platform, since these are all bash scripts
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ FROM --platform=linux/amd64 docker.io/tonistiigi/xx@sha256:c64defb9ed5a91eacb37f

 ########################## BUILD IMAGE ##########################
 # hadolint ignore=DL3006
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/rust:1.97.1-slim-trixie AS build
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/rust:1.99.0-slim-trixie AS build
 # hadolint ignore=DL3067
 COPY --from=xx / /
 ARG TARGETARCH
@@ -101,9 +101,17 @@ RUN . /env-cargo && \
    # https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx/pull/108#issuecomment-3700635977
    # https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/discussions/7522
    if xx-info is-cross; then \
-        XX_RUSTFLAGS="-C link-arg=-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib/$(xx-info triple)"; \
-        export XX_RUSTFLAGS; \
+        XX_RUSTFLAGS="-Clink-arg=-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib/$(xx-info triple)"; \
    fi && \
+    # Debian's GCC adds a special fix for cortex-a53 arch's which gets losts when using xx-cargo, which uses clang
+    # Checking if the arch is arm64 and adding this extra link-arg should cause this fix to be applied
+    # This should fix issues reported when running on a RPi3 which is a Cortex-A35 chip
+    # See: https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/rules2?pow_referer=#L543-548
+    # See: https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/issues/7754
+    if [ "$(xx-info arch)" = "arm64" ]; then \
+        XX_RUSTFLAGS="${XX_RUSTFLAGS} -Clink-arg=-Wl,--fix-cortex-a53-843419"; \
+    fi && \
+    export XX_RUSTFLAGS && \
    PKG_CONFIG="$(command -v "$(xx-info)-pkg-config")" xx-cargo build --features ${DB} --profile "${CARGO_PROFILE}" && \
    find . -not -path "./target*" -delete

@@ -123,9 +131,17 @@ RUN . /env-cargo && \
    # https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx/pull/108#issuecomment-3700635977
    # https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/discussions/7522
    if xx-info is-cross; then \
-        XX_RUSTFLAGS="-C link-arg=-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib/$(xx-info triple)"; \
-        export XX_RUSTFLAGS; \
+        XX_RUSTFLAGS="-Clink-arg=-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib/$(xx-info triple)"; \
    fi && \
+    # Debian's GCC adds a special fix for cortex-a53 arch's which gets losts when using xx-cargo, which uses clang
+    # Checking if the arch is arm64 and adding this extra link-arg should cause this fix to be applied
+    # This should fix issues reported when running on a RPi3 which is a Cortex-A35 chip
+    # See: https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/rules2?pow_referer=#L543-548
+    # See: https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/issues/7754
+    if [ "$(xx-info arch)" = "arm64" ]; then \
+        XX_RUSTFLAGS="${XX_RUSTFLAGS} -Clink-arg=-Wl,--fix-cortex-a53-843419"; \
+    fi && \
+    export XX_RUSTFLAGS && \
    PKG_CONFIG="$(command -v "$(xx-info)-pkg-config")" xx-cargo build --features ${DB} --profile "${CARGO_PROFILE}" && \
    if [ "${CARGO_PROFILE}" = "dev" ] ; then \
        ln -vfsr "/app/target/${CARGO_TARGET}/debug" /app/target/final ; \
@@ -32,9 +32,17 @@
    # https://github.com/tonistiigi/xx/pull/108#issuecomment-3700635977
    # https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/discussions/7522
    if xx-info is-cross; then \
-        XX_RUSTFLAGS="-C link-arg=-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib/$(xx-info triple)"; \
-        export XX_RUSTFLAGS; \
+        XX_RUSTFLAGS="-Clink-arg=-Wl,-rpath-link,/usr/lib/$(xx-info triple)"; \
    fi && \
+    # Debian's GCC adds a special fix for cortex-a53 arch's which gets losts when using xx-cargo, which uses clang
+    # Checking if the arch is arm64 and adding this extra link-arg should cause this fix to be applied
+    # This should fix issues reported when running on a RPi3 which is a Cortex-A35 chip
+    # See: https://salsa.debian.org/toolchain-team/gcc/-/blob/master/debian/rules2?pow_referer=#L543-548
+    # See: https://github.com/dani-garcia/vaultwarden/issues/7754
+    if [ "$(xx-info arch)" = "arm64" ]; then \
+        XX_RUSTFLAGS="${XX_RUSTFLAGS} -Clink-arg=-Wl,--fix-cortex-a53-843419"; \
+    fi && \
+    export XX_RUSTFLAGS && \
    PKG_CONFIG="$(command -v "$(xx-info)-pkg-config")" xx-cargo build --features ${DB} --profile "${CARGO_PROFILE}"
 {%- endmacro %}
 FROM --platform=linux/amd64 docker.io/vaultwarden/web-vault@{{ vault_image_digest }} AS vault
@@ -3,17 +3,23 @@
 import os
 import argparse
 import json
+import tomllib
 import yaml
 import jinja2

 # Load settings file
-with open("DockerSettings.yaml", 'r') as yaml_file:
+with open('DockerSettings.yaml', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as yaml_file:
 	yaml_data = yaml.safe_load(yaml_file)

+# Extract the rust_version from the rust-toolchain.toml file
+script_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+with open(os.path.join(script_dir, '..', 'rust-toolchain.toml'), 'rb') as toolchain_file:
+    yaml_data["rust_version"] = tomllib.load(toolchain_file)["toolchain"]["channel"]
+
 settings_env = jinja2.Environment(
 	loader=jinja2.FileSystemLoader(os.getcwd()),
 )
-settings_yaml = yaml.safe_load(settings_env.get_template("DockerSettings.yaml").render(yaml_data))
+settings_yaml = yaml.safe_load(settings_env.get_template('DockerSettings.yaml').render(yaml_data))

 args_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
 args_parser.add_argument('template_file', help='Jinja2 template file to render.')
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ proc-macro = true

 [dependencies]
 quote = "1.0.47"
-syn = "3.0.3"
+syn = "3.0.6"

 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN key_id TEXT;
@@ -1,15 +1,31 @@
-- Dynamically create DROP FOREIGN KEY
-- Some versions of MySQL or MariaDB might fail if the key doesn't exists
-- This checks if the key exists, and if so, will drop it.
-SET @drop_sso_fk = IF((SELECT true FROM information_schema.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS WHERE
-    CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = DATABASE() AND
-    TABLE_NAME = 'sso_users' AND
-    CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'sso_users_ibfk_1' AND
-    CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY') = true,
-    'ALTER TABLE sso_users DROP FOREIGN KEY sso_users_ibfk_1',
-    'SELECT 1');
-PREPARE stmt FROM @drop_sso_fk;
-EXECUTE stmt;
-DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;
+SELECT if (
+    EXISTS(
+        SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM information_schema.table_constraints
+            WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+                AND TABLE_NAME = 'sso_users'
+                AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
+                AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = 'sso_users_ibfk_1'
+    )
+    ,'ALTER TABLE sso_users DROP FOREIGN KEY `sso_users_ibfk_1`'
+    ,'SELECT "info: FK sso_users_ibfk_1 does not exist."'
+) INTO @drop_stmt;
+PREPARE drop_stmt FROM @drop_stmt;
+EXECUTE drop_stmt;
+
+SELECT if (
+    EXISTS(
+        SELECT CONSTRAINT_NAME FROM information_schema.table_constraints
+            WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = DATABASE()
+                AND TABLE_NAME = 'sso_users'
+                AND CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY'
+                AND CONSTRAINT_NAME = '1'
+    )
+    ,'ALTER TABLE sso_users DROP FOREIGN KEY `1`'
+    ,'SELECT "info: FK sso_users 1 does not exist."'
+) INTO @drop_stmt;
+PREPARE drop_stmt FROM @drop_stmt;
+EXECUTE drop_stmt;
+
+DEALLOCATE PREPARE drop_stmt;

 ALTER TABLE sso_users ADD FOREIGN KEY(user_uuid) REFERENCES users(uuid) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE;
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN key_id TEXT;
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE org_policies DROP COLUMN revision_date;
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-- DATETIME (not TIMESTAMP) to match this repo's convention for revision_date
+-- columns elsewhere, and to avoid MySQL's implicit session-timezone
+-- conversion and 2038 range limit on TIMESTAMP.
+ALTER TABLE org_policies
+ADD COLUMN revision_date DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+
+UPDATE org_policies SET revision_date = UTC_TIMESTAMP();
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- A blob-encrypted cipher keeps all of its content in `data`, up to 500,000 characters, so the
+-- 64 KiB of TEXT is too small. Like upstream, which uses LONGTEXT.
+ALTER TABLE ciphers MODIFY data LONGTEXT NOT NULL;
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_signature_key_pairs;
+
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN signed_public_key;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN security_state;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN security_version;
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN signed_public_key TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN security_state TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN security_version INTEGER;
+
+CREATE TABLE user_signature_key_pairs (
+    uuid                CHAR(36) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_uuid           CHAR(36) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    signature_algorithm INTEGER  NOT NULL, -- 0 = ed25519, 1 = mldsa44
+    signing_key         TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    verifying_key       TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    created_at          DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    updated_at          DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    FOREIGN KEY (user_uuid) REFERENCES users (uuid) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN key_id TEXT;
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE org_policies DROP COLUMN revision_date;
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+-- Backfill via `now() AT TIME ZONE 'utc'` rather than a DEFAULT of now():
+-- assigning timestamptz now() into a naive TIMESTAMP column casts through
+-- the server's TimeZone GUC, so a DEFAULT now() would store local wall-clock
+-- instead of UTC on non-UTC servers, unlike every other naive-UTC timestamp
+-- column in this schema.
+ALTER TABLE org_policies
+ADD COLUMN revision_date TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+
+UPDATE org_policies SET revision_date = (now() AT TIME ZONE 'utc');
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-- TEXT has no size limit here, only MySQL needed the change
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_signature_key_pairs;
+
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN signed_public_key;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN security_state;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN security_version;
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN signed_public_key TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN security_state TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN security_version INTEGER;
+
+CREATE TABLE user_signature_key_pairs (
+    uuid                CHAR(36) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_uuid           CHAR(36) NOT NULL UNIQUE REFERENCES users (uuid) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    signature_algorithm INTEGER  NOT NULL, -- 0 = ed25519, 1 = mldsa44
+    signing_key         TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    verifying_key       TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    created_at          TIMESTAMP NOT NULL,
+    updated_at          TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
+);
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN key_id TEXT;
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+-- SQLite forbids non-constant defaults in ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN, so add
+-- the column with a constant placeholder and backfill separately.
+ALTER TABLE org_policies
+ADD COLUMN revision_date DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT '1970-01-01 00:00:00';
+
+UPDATE org_policies SET revision_date = CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+-- TEXT has no size limit here, only MySQL needed the change
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user_signature_key_pairs;
+
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN signed_public_key;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN security_state;
+ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN security_version;
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN signed_public_key TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN security_state TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN security_version INTEGER;
+
+CREATE TABLE user_signature_key_pairs (
+    uuid                TEXT     NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_uuid           TEXT     NOT NULL UNIQUE REFERENCES users (uuid) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    signature_algorithm INTEGER  NOT NULL, -- 0 = ed25519, 1 = mldsa44
+    signing_key         TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    verifying_key       TEXT     NOT NULL,
+    created_at          DATETIME NOT NULL,
+    updated_at          DATETIME NOT NULL
+);
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 This allows running integration tests using [Playwright](https://playwright.dev/).
 \
-It usse its own [test.env](/test/scenarios/test.env) with different ports to not collide with a running dev instance.
+It uses its own [test.env](./test.env) with different ports to not collide with a running dev instance.

 ## Install

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker compose --profile playwright --env-file test.env run Pl

 ### Keep services running

-If you want you can keep the DB and Keycloak runnning (states are not impacted by the tests):
+If you want you can keep the DB and Keycloak running (states are not impacted by the tests):

 ```bash
 PW_KEEP_SERVICE_RUNNING=true npx playwright test
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ services:
  Mariadb:
    profiles: ["playwright"]
    container_name: playwright_mariadb
-    image: mariadb:11.2.4
+    image: mariadb:12.2.2
    env_file: test.env
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "healthcheck.sh", "--connect", "--innodb_initialized"]
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+import { test, expect, type Page, type TestInfo, Test } from '@playwright/test';
+import { MailDev } from 'maildev';
+
+import * as utils from "../global-utils";
+import { createAccount, logUser } from './setups/user';
+import { activateTOTP } from './setups/2fa';
+
+let users = utils.loadEnv();
+let mailserver;
+
+test.beforeAll('Setup', async ({ browser }, testInfo: TestInfo) => {
+    mailserver = new MailDev({
+        port: process.env.MAILDEV_SMTP_PORT,
+        web: { port: process.env.MAILDEV_HTTP_PORT },
+    })
+
+    await mailserver.listen();
+
+    await utils.startVault(browser, testInfo, {
+        SMTP_HOST: process.env.MAILDEV_HOST,
+        SMTP_FROM: process.env.PW_SMTP_FROM,
+    });
+});
+
+test.afterAll('Teardown', async ({}) => {
+    utils.stopVault();
+    if( mailserver ){
+        await mailserver.close();
+    }
+});
+
+async function emergencyAccess(test: Test, page: Page, user: { name: string }) {
+    await test.step('Navigate', async () => {
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: user.name }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Account settings' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Emergency access' }).click();
+        await expect(page.locator('#main-content').getByText('Emergency access', { exact: true })).toBeVisible();
+    });
+}
+
+test('Emergency access', async ({ browser, page }) => {
+    const context2 = await browser.newContext();
+    const page2 = await context2.newPage();
+
+    const mailBuffer = mailserver.buffer(users.user1.email);
+    const mailBuffer2 = mailserver.buffer(users.user2.email);
+
+    await createAccount(test, page, users.user1);
+    await createAccount(test, page2, users.user2);
+
+    await test.step('Add test2', async () => {
+        await emergencyAccess(test, page, users.user1);
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Add emergency contact' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Email * (required)' }).fill(users.user2.email);
+        await page.getByRole('radio', { name: 'Takeover Can reset your' }).check();
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page, 'User(s) invited');
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Accept', async () => {
+        const email = await mailBuffer2.expect((m) => m.subject === "Emergency access for " + users.user1.name);
+        const pageE = await context2.newPage();
+        await pageE.setContent(email.html);
+        const link = await pageE.getByTestId("emergency").getAttribute("href");
+        await pageE.close();
+
+        await page2.goto(link);
+        await utils.checkNotification(page2, 'Invitation accepted');
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Confirm', async () => {
+        await emergencyAccess(test, page, users.user1);
+        await expect(page.locator('#main-content').getByText('Needs confirmation')).toBeVisible();
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Options' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Confirm' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Confirm' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page, users.user2.name + ' confirmed');
+        await mailBuffer2.expect((m) => m.subject === "Emergency access contact for " + users.user1.name + " confirmed");
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Request', async () => {
+        await emergencyAccess(test, page2, users.user2);
+        await page2.getByRole('button', { name: 'Options' }).click();
+        await page2.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Request Access' }).click();
+        await page2.getByRole('button', { name: 'Request Access' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page2, 'Emergency access requested');
+        await mailBuffer.expect((m) => m.subject === "Emergency access request by " + users.user2.name + " initiated");
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Approved', async () => {
+        await emergencyAccess(test, page, users.user1);
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Options' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Approve' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Approve' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page, 'Emergency access approved');
+        await mailBuffer2.expect((m) => m.subject === "Emergency access request for " + users.user1.name + " approved");
+    });
+    await activateTOTP(test, page, users.user1);
+
+    let newPassword = "TotoNewPassword";
+    await test.step('Access', async () => {
+        await emergencyAccess(test, page2, users.user2);
+        await page2.getByRole('button', { name: 'Options' }).click();
+        await page2.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Takeover' }).click();
+        await page2.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'New master password * (required)', exact: true }).fill(newPassword);
+        await page2.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Confirm new master password' }).fill(newPassword);
+        await page2.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page2, 'Password reset for ' + users.user1.name);
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Changed no 2fa', async () => {
+        users.user1.password = newPassword;
+        await logUser(test, page, users.user1);
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Reject', async () => {
+        await emergencyAccess(test, page, users.user1);
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Options' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Reject' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page, 'Emergency access rejected');
+        await mailBuffer2.expect((m) => m.subject === "Emergency access request to " + users.user1.name + " rejected");
+    });
+
+    await test.step('Remove', async () => {
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Options' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Remove' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Yes' }).click();
+        await utils.checkNotification(page, 'Removed user ' + users.user2.name);
+        await expect(page.getByText('You have not added any emergency contacts')).toBeVisible();
+    });
+});
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import * as OTPAuth from "otpauth";

 import * as utils from "../global-utils";
 import { createAccount, logUser } from './setups/user';
-import { activateTOTP, disableTOTP } from './setups/2fa';
+import { activateTOTP, disableTOTP, recoveryCodes } from './setups/2fa';

 let users = utils.loadEnv();
 let totp;
@@ -31,21 +31,42 @@ test('Authenticator 2fa', async ({ page }) => {

    await utils.logout(test, page, users.user1);

-    await test.step('login', async () => {
-        let timestamp = Date.now(); // Needed to use the next token
-        timestamp = timestamp + (totp.period - (Math.floor(timestamp / 1000) % totp.period) + 1) * 1000;
+    await logUser(test, page, users.user1, { totp });

+    await disableTOTP(test, page, users.user1);
+});
+
+test('Recovery codes', async ({ context, page }) => {
+    await logUser(test, page, users.user1);
+
+    await activateTOTP(test, page, users.user1);
+    let recovery = await recoveryCodes(test, page, users.user1);
+
+    await utils.logout(test, page, users.user1);
+
+    await test.step('login', async () => {
        await page.getByLabel(/Email address/).fill(users.user1.email);
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Continue' }).click();
        await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Master password * (required)', exact: true }).fill(users.user1.password);
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Log in', exact: true }).click();

        await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Verify your Identity' })).toBeVisible();
-        await page.getByLabel(/Verification code/).fill(totp.generate({timestamp}));
-        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Continue' }).click();

        await expect(page).toHaveTitle(/Vaultwarden Web/);
-    });

-    await disableTOTP(test, page, users.user1);
+        const newPagePromise = context.waitForEvent('page');
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Use your recovery code' }).click();
+        const newPage = await newPagePromise;
+
+        const tabs = context.pages();
+        await tabs[1].bringToFront();
+        await expect(tabs[1].getByRole('heading', { name: 'Recover account two-step login' })).toBeVisible();
+        await tabs[1].getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Email address * (required)' }).fill(users.user1.email);
+        await tabs[1].getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Master password * (required)' }).fill(users.user1.password);
+        await tabs[1].getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Recovery code * (required)' }).fill(recovery);
+        await tabs[1].getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' }).click();
+
+        await expect(tabs[1]).toHaveTitle(/Two-step login/);
+    });
 });
+
@@ -127,6 +127,9 @@ test('Organization is visible', async ({ page }) => {
 });

 test('Recover user password', async ({ page }) => {
+    await logUser(test, page, users.user2, { mailBuffer: mail2Buffer });
+    await activateTOTP(test, page, users.user2);
+
    await logUser(test, page, users.user1, { mailBuffer: mail1Buffer });

    let newPassword = "TotoNewPassword";
@@ -138,9 +141,10 @@ test('Recover user password', async ({ page }) => {
        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Recover account' }).click();
        await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'New master password * (required)', exact: true }).fill(newPassword);
        await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Confirm new master password * (' }).fill(newPassword);
+        await page.getByRole('checkbox', { name: 'Reset two-step login' }).check();
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Save' }).click();
        await utils.checkNotification(page, 'Account recovery success');
-        await mail2Buffer.expect((m) => m.subject.includes('Master Password Has Been Changed'));
+        await mail2Buffer.expect((m) => m.subject.includes('Admin account recovery from Test organization'));
    });

    let user2 = {
@@ -150,6 +154,7 @@ test('Recover user password', async ({ page }) => {
    };
    await logUser(test, page, user2, {
        mailBuffer: mail2Buffer,
+        mail2fa: true,
        notNewDevice: true,
    });
 });
@@ -4,6 +4,24 @@ import * as OTPAuth from "otpauth";

 import * as utils from '../../global-utils';

+export async function recoveryCodes(test: Test, page: Page, user: { name: string, password: string }): string {
+    return await test.step('Recovery code', async () => {
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: user.name }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('menuitem', { name: 'Account settings' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Security' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('link', { name: 'Two-step login' }).click();
+
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'View recovery code' }).click();
+        await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Master password * (required)', exact: true }).fill(user.password);
+        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Continue' }).click();
+
+        const recovery = await page.getByRole('code').innerText();
+        await page.getByLabel('Close').click();
+
+        return recovery;
+    })
+}
+
 export async function activateTOTP(test: Test, page: Page, user: { name: string, password: string }): OTPAuth.TOTP {
    return await test.step('Activate TOTP 2FA', async () => {
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: user.name }).click();
@@ -21,7 +39,6 @@ export async function activateTOTP(test: Test, page: Page, user: { name: string,
        await page.getByLabel(/Verification code/).fill(totp.generate());
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Turn on' }).click();
        await page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Turned on', exact: true });
-        await page.getByLabel('Close').click();

        return totp;
    })
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { expect, type Browser, Page } from '@playwright/test';

 import { type MailBuffer } from 'maildev';

+import * as OTPAuth from "otpauth";
 import * as utils from '../../global-utils';
 import { retrieveEmailCode } from './2fa';

@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ export async function logUser(
        mailBuffer ?: MailBuffer,
        mail2fa?: boolean,
        notNewDevice?: boolean,
+        totp?: OTPAuth.TOTP,
    } = {}
 ) {
    await test.step(`Log user ${user.email}`, async () => {
@@ -55,11 +57,23 @@ export async function logUser(
        await page.getByRole('textbox', { name: 'Master password * (required)', exact: true }).fill(user.password);
        await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Log in', exact: true }).click();

-        if( options.mail2fa ){
+        if( options.mail2fa || options.totp ){
+            let code;
+
            await test.step('2FA check', async () => {
                await expect(page.getByRole('heading', { name: 'Verify your Identity' })).toBeVisible();
-                let code = await retrieveEmailCode(test, page, options.mailBuffer);
+
+                if( options.totp ) {
+                    const totp = options.totp;
+                    let timestamp = Date.now(); // Needed to use the next token
+                    timestamp = timestamp + (totp.period - (Math.floor(timestamp / 1000) % totp.period) + 1) * 1000;
+                    code = totp.generate({timestamp});
+                } else if( options.mail2fa ){
+                    code = await retrieveEmailCode(test, page, options.mailBuffer);
+                }
+
                await page.getByLabel(/Verification code/).fill(code);
+
                await page.getByRole('button', { name: 'Continue' }).click();
            });
        }
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.97.1"
+channel = "1.99.0"
 components = [ "rustfmt", "clippy" ]
 profile = "minimal"
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ fn validate_token(token: &str) -> bool {
        None => false,
        Some(t) if t.starts_with("$argon2") => {
            use argon2::password_hash::PasswordVerifier;
-            match argon2::password_hash::PasswordHash::new(t) {
+            match argon2::password_hash::phc::PasswordHash::new(t) {
                Ok(h) => {
                    // NOTE: hash params from `ADMIN_TOKEN` are used instead of what is configured in the `Argon2` instance.
                    argon2::Argon2::default().verify_password(token.trim().as_ref(), &h).is_ok()
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ async fn delete_user(user_id: UserId, token: AdminToken, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyR

    for membership in memberships {
        log_event(
-            EventType::OrganizationUserDeleted as i32,
+            EventType::OrganizationUserDeleted,
            &membership.uuid,
            &membership.org_uuid,
            &ACTING_ADMIN_USER.into(),
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ async fn delete_sso_user(user_id: UserId, token: AdminToken, conn: DbConn) -> Em

    for membership in memberships {
        log_event(
-            EventType::OrganizationUserUnlinkedSso as i32,
+            EventType::OrganizationUserUnlinkedSso,
            &membership.uuid,
            &membership.org_uuid,
            &ACTING_ADMIN_USER.into(),
@@ -508,6 +508,7 @@ async fn enable_user(user_id: UserId, _token: AdminToken, conn: DbConn) -> Empty
 async fn remove_2fa(user_id: UserId, token: AdminToken, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
    let mut user = get_user_or_404(&user_id, &conn).await?;
    TwoFactor::delete_all_by_user(&user.uuid, &conn).await?;
+    Device::clear_twofactor_remember_by_user(&user.uuid, &conn).await?;
    two_factor::enforce_2fa_policy(&user, &ACTING_ADMIN_USER.into(), 14, &token.ip.ip, &conn).await?;
    user.totp_recover = None;
    user.save(&conn).await
@@ -571,7 +572,7 @@ async fn update_membership_type(data: Json<MembershipTypeData>, token: AdminToke
    OrgPolicy::check_user_allowed(&member_to_edit, "modify", &conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserUpdated as i32,
+        EventType::OrganizationUserUpdated,
        &member_to_edit.uuid,
        &data.org_uuid,
        &ACTING_ADMIN_USER.into(),
@@ -647,7 +648,7 @@ use cached::macros::cached;
 /// Cache this function to prevent API call rate limit. Github only allows 60 requests per hour, and we use 3 here already
 /// It will cache this function for 600 seconds (10 minutes) which should prevent the exhaustion of the rate limit
 /// Any cache will be lost if Vaultwarden is restarted
-#[cached(ttl = 600, sync_writes = "default")]
+#[cached(ttl_secs = 600, sync_writes = "default")]
 async fn get_release_info(has_http_access: bool) -> (String, String, String) {
    // If the HTTP Check failed, do not even attempt to check for new versions since we were not able to connect with github.com anyway.
    if has_http_access {
@@ -905,23 +906,23 @@ mod tests {
    fn validate_web_vault_compare() {
        // web_vault_compare(active, latest)
        // Test normal versions
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.0", "2025.12.1") == -1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1", "2025.12.1") == 0);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2", "2025.12.1") == 1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.0", "2025.12.1"), -1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1", "2025.12.1"), 0);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2", "2025.12.1"), 1);

        // Test patched/+build.n versions
        // Newer latest version
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.0+build.1", "2025.12.1") == -1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1", "2025.12.1+build.1") == -1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.0+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.1") == -1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.2") == -1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.0+build.1", "2025.12.1"), -1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1", "2025.12.1+build.1"), -1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.0+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.1"), -1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.2"), -1);
        // Equal versions
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.1") == 0);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2+build.2", "2025.12.2+build.2") == 0);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.1"), 0);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2+build.2", "2025.12.2+build.2"), 0);
        // Newer active version
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.1", "2025.12.1") == 1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2", "2025.12.1+build.1") == 1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.1") == 1);
-        assert!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.3", "2025.12.1+build.2") == 1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.1", "2025.12.1"), 1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2", "2025.12.1+build.1"), 1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.2+build.1", "2025.12.1+build.1"), 1);
+        assert_eq!(web_vault_compare("2025.12.1+build.3", "2025.12.1+build.2"), 1);
    }
 }
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use rocket::{
    Route,
    form::{Form, FromForm},
    fs::TempFile,
+    http::Status,
    serde::json::Json,
 };
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -21,14 +22,15 @@ use crate::{
        DbConn, DbPool,
        models::{
            Archive, Attachment, AttachmentId, Cipher, CipherId, Collection, CollectionCipher, CollectionGroup,
-            CollectionId, CollectionUser, EventType, Favorite, Folder, FolderCipher, FolderId, Group, Membership,
-            MembershipType, OrgPolicy, OrgPolicyType, OrganizationId, RepromptType, Send, UserId,
+            CollectionId, CollectionUser, EventType, Favorite, Folder, FolderCipher, FolderId, Group, KeyId,
+            Membership, MembershipType, OrgPolicy, OrgPolicyType, OrganizationId, RepromptType, Send, User, UserId,
+            is_data_blob_encrypted,
        },
    },
    util::{NumberOrString, deser_opt_nonempty_str, save_temp_file},
 };

-use super::folders::FolderData;
+use super::{folders::FolderData, sends::SIZE_525_MB};

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
    // Note that many routes have an `admin` variant; this seems to be
@@ -161,13 +163,19 @@ async fn sync(data: SyncData, headers: Headers, client_version: Option<ClientVer
    let policies_json: Vec<Value> =
        OrgPolicy::find_confirmed_by_user(&headers.user.uuid, &conn).await.iter().map(OrgPolicy::to_json).collect();

+    let policies_new_json: Vec<Value> = OrgPolicy::find_accepted_and_confirmed_by_user(&headers.user.uuid, &conn)
+        .await
+        .iter()
+        .map(OrgPolicy::to_json)
+        .collect();
+
    let domains_json = if data.exclude_domains {
        Value::Null
    } else {
        api::core::get_eq_domains(&headers, true).into_inner()
    };

-    // This is very similar to the the userDecryptionOptions sent in connect/token,
+    // This is very similar to the userDecryptionOptions sent in connect/token,
    // but as of 2025-12-19 they're both using different casing conventions.
    let has_master_password = !headers.user.password_hash.is_empty();
    let master_password_unlock = if has_master_password {
@@ -182,23 +190,29 @@ async fn sync(data: SyncData, headers: Headers, client_version: Option<ClientVer
            // https://github.com/bitwarden/android/blob/release/2025.12-rc41/network/src/main/kotlin/com/bitwarden/network/model/MasterPasswordUnlockDataJson.kt#L22-L26
            "masterKeyEncryptedUserKey": headers.user.akey,
            "masterKeyWrappedUserKey": headers.user.akey,
-            "salt": headers.user.email
+            "salt": headers.user.email,
+            "containedKeyId": headers.user.key_id,
        })
    } else {
        Value::Null
    };

+    // Upstream omits these when unset rather than sending null
+    let mut user_decryption = json!({ "masterPasswordUnlock": master_password_unlock });
+    if let Some(key_id) = &headers.user.key_id {
+        user_decryption["userKeyId"] = json!(key_id);
+    }
+
    Ok(Json(json!({
        "profile": user_json,
        "folders": folders_json,
        "collections": collections_json,
        "policies": policies_json,
+        "policiesNew": policies_new_json,
        "ciphers": ciphers_json,
        "domains": domains_json,
        "sends": sends_json,
-        "userDecryption": {
-            "masterPasswordUnlock": master_password_unlock,
-        },
+        "userDecryption": user_decryption,
        "object": "sync"
    })))
 }
@@ -260,15 +274,24 @@ pub struct CipherData {

    key: Option<String>,

+    // Added in web-v2025.6.0. Deprecated upstream for `encrypted_by_key_id`, but still checked when sent
+    pub encrypted_for: Option<UserId>,
+    // Added in web-v2025.8.1, Optional for compat
+    pub encrypted_by_key_id: Option<KeyId>,
+
    /*
    Login = 1,
    SecureNote = 2,
    Card = 3,
    Identity = 4,
    SshKey = 5
+    BankAccount = 6
+    DriversLicense = 7
+    Passport = 8
    */
    pub r#type: i32,
-    pub name: String,
+    // Absent on a blob-encrypted cipher, whose name is sealed inside `data`
+    pub name: Option<String>,
    pub notes: Option<String>,
    fields: Option<Value>,

@@ -278,6 +301,12 @@ pub struct CipherData {
    card: Option<Value>,
    identity: Option<Value>,
    ssh_key: Option<Value>,
+    bank_account: Option<Value>,
+    drivers_license: Option<Value>,
+    passport: Option<Value>,
+
+    // The sealed blob of a v2 account's cipher, which replaces all of the fields above
+    data: Option<String>,

    favorite: Option<bool>,
    reprompt: Option<i32>,
@@ -300,6 +329,79 @@ pub struct CipherData {
    archived_date: Option<String>,
 }

+/// A field of a [`CipherData`] that fails upstream's model validation.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct CipherValidationError {
+    pub field: &'static str,
+    pub message: String,
+}
+
+impl From<CipherValidationError> for crate::Error {
+    fn from(e: CipherValidationError) -> Self {
+        Self::new_msg(e.message)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The cipher must have been encrypted for the acting user. Only checked when the client sends the field.
+///
+/// Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Controllers/CiphersController.cs#L1857-L1870>
+fn validate_encrypted_for_user(data: &CipherData, user_id: &UserId) -> EmptyResult {
+    if data.encrypted_for.as_ref().is_some_and(|encrypted_for| encrypted_for != user_id) {
+        err!("Cipher was not encrypted for the current user. Please try again.")
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// [`validate_encrypted_for_user`], plus the key id of a user-owned cipher, when both ids are known.
+///
+/// Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Controllers/CiphersController.cs#L1886-L1911>
+fn validate_encrypted_by_user(data: &CipherData, user: &User, is_org_cipher: bool) -> EmptyResult {
+    validate_encrypted_for_user(data, &user.uuid)?;
+
+    if !is_org_cipher
+        && let (Some(cipher_key_id), Some(user_key_id)) = (&data.encrypted_by_key_id, &user.key_id)
+        && cipher_key_id != user_key_id
+    {
+        err!("Cipher was not encrypted with the current user key. Please try again.")
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Upstream's `[StringLength(500000)]` on `CipherRequestModel.Data`
+const MAX_CIPHER_DATA_LENGTH: usize = 500_000;
+
+impl CipherData {
+    /// Whether `data` is a blob rather than the per-type fields. Parses `data`, so keep the result.
+    pub fn is_blob(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data.as_deref().is_some_and(is_data_blob_encrypted)
+    }
+
+    /// Upstream's model checks that depend on the format: the size of `data`, and a name unless it's a blob.
+    ///
+    /// Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Models/Request/CipherRequestModel.cs#L76-L77>
+    /// and <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Models/Request/CipherRequestModel.cs#L91-L99>
+    pub fn validate_content(&self, is_blob: bool) -> Result<(), CipherValidationError> {
+        if let Some(data) = &self.data
+            && data.len() > MAX_CIPHER_DATA_LENGTH
+        {
+            return Err(CipherValidationError {
+                field: "Data",
+                message: format!("The field Data must be a string with a maximum length of {MAX_CIPHER_DATA_LENGTH}."),
+            });
+        }
+
+        // A blob carries the name inside it, so only the other formats need one
+        if !is_blob && self.name.as_deref().is_none_or(|n| n.trim().is_empty()) {
+            return Err(CipherValidationError {
+                field: "Name",
+                message: String::from("The Name field is required."),
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct PartialCipherData {
@@ -333,12 +435,14 @@ async fn post_ciphers_create(
 ) -> JsonResult {
    let mut data: ShareCipherData = data.into_inner();

+    validate_encrypted_by_user(&data.cipher, &headers.user, data.cipher.organization_id.is_some())?;
+
    // This check is usually only needed in update_cipher_from_data(), but we
    // need it here as well to avoid creating an empty cipher in the call to
    // cipher.save() below.
    enforce_personal_ownership_policy(Some(&data.cipher), &headers, &conn).await?;

-    let mut cipher = Cipher::new(data.cipher.r#type, data.cipher.name.clone());
+    let mut cipher = Cipher::new(data.cipher.r#type);
    cipher.user_uuid = Some(headers.user.uuid.clone());
    cipher.save(&conn).await?;

@@ -362,13 +466,15 @@ async fn post_ciphers_create(
 async fn post_ciphers(data: Json<CipherData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn, nt: Notify<'_>) -> JsonResult {
    let mut data: CipherData = data.into_inner();

+    validate_encrypted_by_user(&data, &headers.user, data.organization_id.is_some())?;
+
    // The web/browser clients set this field to null as expected, but the
    // mobile clients seem to set the invalid value `0001-01-01T00:00:00`,
    // which results in a warning message being logged. This field isn't
    // needed when creating a new cipher, so just ignore it unconditionally.
    data.last_known_revision_date = None;

-    let mut cipher = Cipher::new(data.r#type, data.name.clone());
+    let mut cipher = Cipher::new(data.r#type);
    update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, data, &headers, None, &conn, &nt, UpdateType::SyncCipherCreate).await?;

    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &conn).await?))
@@ -392,6 +498,44 @@ async fn enforce_personal_ownership_policy(data: Option<&CipherData>, headers: &
    Ok(())
 }

+/// The checks of saving a cipher, for callers that run them before writing anything else
+async fn validate_cipher_update(
+    cipher: &Cipher,
+    data: &CipherData,
+    headers: &Headers,
+    conn: &DbConn,
+    ut: UpdateType,
+) -> EmptyResult {
+    // Check that the client isn't updating an existing cipher with stale data.
+    // And only perform this check when not importing ciphers, else the date/time check will fail.
+    if ut != UpdateType::None
+        && let Some(dt) = &data.last_known_revision_date
+    {
+        match NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(dt, "%+") {
+            // ISO 8601 format
+            Err(err) => warn!("Error parsing LastKnownRevisionDate '{dt}': {err}"),
+            Ok(dt) if cipher.updated_at.signed_duration_since(dt).num_seconds() > 1 => {
+                err!("The client copy of this cipher is out of date. Resync the client and try again.")
+            }
+            Ok(_) => (),
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(note) = &data.notes {
+        let max_note_size = CONFIG._max_note_size();
+        if note.len() > max_note_size {
+            err!(format!("The field Notes exceeds the maximum encrypted value length of {max_note_size} characters."))
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(folder_id) = &data.folder_id
+        && Folder::find_by_uuid_and_user(folder_id, &headers.user.uuid, conn).await.is_none()
+    {
+        err!("Invalid folder", "Folder does not exist or belongs to another user");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub async fn update_cipher_from_data(
    cipher: &mut Cipher,
    data: CipherData,
@@ -407,42 +551,24 @@ pub async fn update_cipher_from_data(
    // We do not mind which data is in it, the keep our model more flexible when there are upstream changes.
    // But, we at least know we do not need to store and return this specific key.
    fn clean_cipher_data(mut json_data: Value) -> Value {
-        if json_data.is_array() {
-            json_data.as_array_mut().unwrap().iter_mut().for_each(|ref mut f| {
-                f.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("response");
-            });
+        if let Some(items) = json_data.as_array_mut() {
+            for item in items.iter_mut().filter_map(Value::as_object_mut) {
+                item.remove("response");
+            }
        }
        json_data
    }

    enforce_personal_ownership_policy(Some(&data), headers, conn).await?;

-    // Check that the client isn't updating an existing cipher with stale data.
-    // And only perform this check when not importing ciphers, else the date/time check will fail.
-    if ut != UpdateType::None
-        && let Some(dt) = data.last_known_revision_date
-    {
-        match NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(&dt, "%+") {
-            // ISO 8601 format
-            Err(err) => warn!("Error parsing LastKnownRevisionDate '{dt}': {err}"),
-            Ok(dt) if cipher.updated_at.signed_duration_since(dt).num_seconds() > 1 => {
-                err!("The client copy of this cipher is out of date. Resync the client and try again.")
-            }
-            Ok(_) => (),
-        }
-    }
+    let is_blob = data.is_blob();
+    data.validate_content(is_blob)?;
+    validate_cipher_update(cipher, &data, headers, conn, ut).await?;

    if cipher.organization_uuid.is_some() && cipher.organization_uuid != data.organization_id {
        err!("Organization mismatch. Please resync the client before updating the cipher")
    }

-    if let Some(note) = &data.notes {
-        let max_note_size = CONFIG._max_note_size();
-        if note.len() > max_note_size {
-            err!(format!("The field Notes exceeds the maximum encrypted value length of {max_note_size} characters."))
-        }
-    }
-
    // Check if this cipher is being transferred from a personal to an organization vault
    let transfer_cipher = cipher.organization_uuid.is_none() && data.organization_id.is_some();

@@ -452,9 +578,10 @@ pub async fn update_cipher_from_data(
            Some(member) => {
                // A non-empty list of collections implies the caller already validated the user's write
                // access to them, so we can move the cipher into the organization on that basis.
+                // Write access to the cipher itself only counts when it already belongs to this organization.
                if shared_to_collections.as_ref().is_some_and(|cols| !cols.is_empty())
                    || member.has_full_access()
-                    || cipher.is_write_accessible_to_user(&headers.user.uuid, conn).await
+                    || (!transfer_cipher && cipher.is_write_accessible_to_user(&headers.user.uuid, conn).await)
                {
                    cipher.organization_uuid = Some(org_id);
                    // After some discussion in PR #1329 re-added the user_uuid = None again.
@@ -472,12 +599,6 @@ pub async fn update_cipher_from_data(
        cipher.user_uuid = Some(headers.user.uuid.clone());
    }

-    if let Some(ref folder_id) = data.folder_id
-        && Folder::find_by_uuid_and_user(folder_id, &headers.user.uuid, conn).await.is_none()
-    {
-        err!("Invalid folder", "Folder does not exist or belongs to another user");
-    }
-
    // Modify attachments name and keys when rotating
    if let Some(attachments) = data.attachments2 {
        for (id, attachment) in attachments {
@@ -510,38 +631,54 @@ pub async fn update_cipher_from_data(
        3 => data.card,
        4 => data.identity,
        5 => data.ssh_key,
+        6 => data.bank_account,
+        7 => data.drivers_license,
+        8 => data.passport,
        _ => err!("Invalid type"),
    };

-    let type_data = if let Some(mut data) = type_data_opt {
-        // Remove the 'Response' key from the base object.
-        data.as_object_mut().unwrap().remove("response");
-        // Remove the 'Response' key from every Uri.
-        if data["uris"].is_array() {
-            data["uris"] = clean_cipher_data(data["uris"].clone());
-        }
-        data
+    if let Some(blob) = data.data.filter(|_| is_blob) {
+        // A blob holds everything, the name included; the column can't be null, so it's left empty
+        // TODO: Make `ciphers.name` nullable and store `None` here instead.
+        cipher.name = String::new();
+        cipher.notes = None;
+        cipher.fields = None;
+        cipher.password_history = None;
+        cipher.data = blob;
    } else {
-        err!("Data missing")
-    };
+        let Some(mut type_data) = type_data_opt else {
+            err!("Data missing")
+        };
+        // Remove the 'Response' key from the base object.
+        if let Some(data_obj) = type_data.as_object_mut() {
+            data_obj.remove("response");
+        }
+        // Remove the 'Response' key from every Uri.
+        if type_data["uris"].is_array() {
+            type_data["uris"] = clean_cipher_data(type_data["uris"].clone());
+        }
+
+        // `validate_content` made sure there is a name
+        cipher.name = data.name.unwrap_or_default();
+        cipher.notes = data.notes;
+        cipher.fields = data.fields.map(|f| clean_cipher_data(f).to_string());
+        cipher.password_history = data.password_history.map(|f| f.to_string());
+        cipher.data = type_data.to_string();
+    }

    cipher.key = data.key;
-    cipher.name = data.name;
-    cipher.notes = data.notes;
-    cipher.fields = data.fields.map(|f| clean_cipher_data(f).to_string());
-    cipher.data = type_data.to_string();
-    cipher.password_history = data.password_history.map(|f| f.to_string());
    cipher.reprompt = data.reprompt.filter(|r| *r == RepromptType::None as i32 || *r == RepromptType::Password as i32);

    cipher.save(conn).await?;
    cipher.move_to_folder(data.folder_id, &headers.user.uuid, conn).await?;
    cipher.set_favorite(data.favorite, &headers.user.uuid, conn).await?;

-    if let Some(dt_str) = data.archived_date {
-        match NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(&dt_str, "%+") {
+    match data.archived_date {
+        Some(dt_str) => match NaiveDateTime::parse_from_str(&dt_str, "%+") {
            Ok(dt) => cipher.set_archived_at(dt, &headers.user.uuid, conn).await?,
            Err(err) => warn!("Error parsing ArchivedDate '{dt_str}': {err}"),
-        }
+        },
+        None => cipher.unarchive(&headers.user.uuid, conn).await?,
    }

    if ut != UpdateType::None {
@@ -553,16 +690,8 @@ pub async fn update_cipher_from_data(
                (_, _) => EventType::CipherUpdated,
            };

-            log_event(
-                event_type as i32,
-                &cipher.uuid,
-                org_id,
-                &headers.user.uuid,
-                headers.device.atype,
-                &headers.ip.ip,
-                conn,
-            )
-            .await;
+            log_event(event_type, &cipher.uuid, org_id, &headers.user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, conn)
+                .await;
        }
        nt.send_cipher_update(
            ut,
@@ -634,7 +763,7 @@ async fn post_ciphers_import(data: Json<ImportData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbC
        let folder_id = relations_map.get(&index).and_then(|i| folders.get(*i).cloned());
        cipher_data.folder_id = folder_id;

-        let mut cipher = Cipher::new(cipher_data.r#type, cipher_data.name.clone());
+        let mut cipher = Cipher::new(cipher_data.r#type);
        update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, cipher_data, &headers, None, &conn, &nt, UpdateType::None).await?;
    }

@@ -702,6 +831,9 @@ async fn put_cipher(
        err!("Cipher is not write accessible")
    }

+    // Against the cipher we hold rather than the organization the client claims, like upstream
+    validate_encrypted_by_user(&data, &headers.user, cipher.organization_uuid.is_some())?;
+
    update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, data, &headers, None, &conn, &nt, UpdateType::SyncCipherUpdate).await?;

    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, &conn).await?))
@@ -850,7 +982,7 @@ async fn post_collections_update(
    .await;

    log_event(
-        EventType::CipherUpdatedCollections as i32,
+        EventType::CipherUpdatedCollections,
        &cipher.uuid,
        org_uuid,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -930,7 +1062,7 @@ async fn post_collections_admin(
    .await;

    log_event(
-        EventType::CipherUpdatedCollections as i32,
+        EventType::CipherUpdatedCollections,
        &cipher.uuid,
        org_uuid,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -960,9 +1092,7 @@ async fn post_cipher_share(
    conn: DbConn,
    nt: Notify<'_>,
 ) -> JsonResult {
-    let data: ShareCipherData = data.into_inner();
-
-    share_cipher_by_uuid(&cipher_id, data, &headers, &conn, &nt, None).await
+    put_cipher_share(cipher_id, data, headers, conn, nt).await
 }

 #[put("/ciphers/<cipher_id>/share", data = "<data>")]
@@ -975,6 +1105,21 @@ async fn put_cipher_share(
 ) -> JsonResult {
    let data: ShareCipherData = data.into_inner();

+    // Upstream's `PutShare` checks, before anything is written.
+    // Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Controllers/CiphersController.cs#L899-L912>
+    // and <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Models/Request/CipherRequestModel.cs#L498-L519>
+    if data.cipher.organization_id.is_none() {
+        err!("Cipher OrganizationId is required.")
+    }
+    if data.collection_ids.is_empty() {
+        err!("You must select at least one collection.")
+    }
+    if !Cipher::find_by_uuid(&cipher_id, &conn).await.is_some_and(|c| c.user_uuid.as_ref() == Some(&headers.user.uuid))
+    {
+        err_code!("Cipher doesn't exist", Status::NotFound.code)
+    }
+    validate_encrypted_for_user(&data.cipher, &headers.user.uuid)?;
+
    share_cipher_by_uuid(&cipher_id, data, &headers, &conn, &nt, None).await
 }

@@ -994,18 +1139,33 @@ async fn put_cipher_share_selected(
 ) -> EmptyResult {
    let mut data: ShareSelectedCipherData = data.into_inner();

+    // Upstream's `PutShareMany` checks, before anything is written.
+    // Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Controllers/CiphersController.cs#L1395-L1421>
+    // and <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Api/Vault/Models/Request/CipherRequestModel.cs#L560-L604>
    if data.ciphers.is_empty() {
        err!("You must select at least one cipher.")
    }
-
+    if data.ciphers.iter().any(|c| c.id.is_none() || c.organization_id.is_none()) {
+        err!("All Ciphers must have an Id and OrganizationId.")
+    }
+    if data.ciphers.iter().map(|c| &c.organization_id).collect::<HashSet<_>>().len() != 1 {
+        err!("All ciphers must be for the same organization.")
+    }
    if data.collection_ids.is_empty() {
        err!("You must select at least one collection.")
    }
-
    for cipher in &data.ciphers {
-        if cipher.id.is_none() {
-            err!("Request missing ids field")
-        }
+        cipher.validate_content(cipher.is_blob())?;
+    }
+    for cipher in &data.ciphers {
+        validate_encrypted_for_user(cipher, &headers.user.uuid)?;
+    }
+    let owned_ciphers = Cipher::find_owned_by_user(&headers.user.uuid, &conn).await;
+    for cipher_data in &data.ciphers {
+        let Some(cipher) = owned_ciphers.iter().find(|c| cipher_data.id.as_ref() == Some(&c.uuid)) else {
+            err!("Trying to share ciphers that you do not own.")
+        };
+        validate_cipher_update(cipher, cipher_data, &headers, &conn, UpdateType::None).await?;
    }

    while let Some(cipher) = data.ciphers.pop() {
@@ -1052,6 +1212,20 @@ async fn share_cipher_by_uuid(
        err!("Organization mismatch. Please resync the client before updating the cipher")
    }

+    // When LastKnownRevisionDate is None, it is a new cipher, so send CipherCreate.
+    // If there is an override, like when handling multiple items, we want to prevent a push notification for every single item
+    let ut = if let Some(ut) = override_ut {
+        ut
+    } else if data.cipher.last_known_revision_date.is_some() {
+        UpdateType::SyncCipherUpdate
+    } else {
+        UpdateType::SyncCipherCreate
+    };
+
+    // For the same reason, the other checks of saving
+    data.cipher.validate_content(data.cipher.is_blob())?;
+    validate_cipher_update(&cipher, &data.cipher, headers, conn, ut).await?;
+
    let mut shared_to_collections = vec![];

    if let Some(organization_id) = &data.cipher.organization_id {
@@ -1070,16 +1244,6 @@ async fn share_cipher_by_uuid(
        }
    }

-    // When LastKnownRevisionDate is None, it is a new cipher, so send CipherCreate.
-    // If there is an override, like when handling multiple items, we want to prevent a push notification for every single item
-    let ut = if let Some(ut) = override_ut {
-        ut
-    } else if data.cipher.last_known_revision_date.is_some() {
-        UpdateType::SyncCipherUpdate
-    } else {
-        UpdateType::SyncCipherCreate
-    };
-
    update_cipher_from_data(&mut cipher, data.cipher, headers, Some(shared_to_collections), conn, nt, ut).await?;

    Ok(Json(cipher.to_json(&headers.host, &headers.user.uuid, None, CipherSyncType::User, conn).await?))
@@ -1152,6 +1316,10 @@ async fn post_attachment_v2(
    if file_size < 0 {
        err!("Attachment size can't be negative")
    }
+    // Matches the "file" upload limit in main.rs, nothing larger can be uploaded
+    if file_size > SIZE_525_MB {
+        err!("Max file size is 525 MB.")
+    }
    let attachment_id = crypto::generate_attachment_id();
    let attachment =
        Attachment::new(attachment_id.clone(), cipher.uuid.clone(), data.file_name, file_size, Some(data.key));
@@ -1335,7 +1503,7 @@ async fn save_attachment(

    if let Some(org_id) = &cipher.organization_uuid {
        log_event(
-            EventType::CipherAttachmentCreated as i32,
+            EventType::CipherAttachmentCreated,
            &cipher.uuid,
            org_id,
            &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -1696,7 +1864,7 @@ async fn purge_org_vault(
            nt.send_user_update(UpdateType::SyncVault, &user, headers.device.push_uuid.as_ref(), &conn).await;

            log_event(
-                EventType::OrganizationPurgedVault as i32,
+                EventType::OrganizationPurgedVault,
                &organization.org_id,
                &organization.org_id,
                &user.uuid,
@@ -1824,9 +1992,9 @@ async fn delete_cipher_by_uuid(
        let event_type = if *delete_options == CipherDeleteOptions::SoftSingle
            || *delete_options == CipherDeleteOptions::SoftMulti
        {
-            EventType::CipherSoftDeleted as i32
+            EventType::CipherSoftDeleted
        } else {
-            EventType::CipherDeleted as i32
+            EventType::CipherDeleted
        };

        log_event(event_type, &cipher.uuid, &org_id, &headers.user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, conn)
@@ -1839,7 +2007,7 @@ async fn delete_cipher_by_uuid(
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct CipherIdsData {
-    ids: Vec<CipherId>,
+    ids: HashSet<CipherId>,
 }

 async fn delete_multiple_ciphers(
@@ -1895,7 +2063,7 @@ async fn restore_cipher_by_uuid(

    if let Some(org_id) = &cipher.organization_uuid {
        log_event(
-            EventType::CipherRestored as i32,
+            EventType::CipherRestored,
            &cipher.uuid.clone(),
            org_id,
            &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -1972,7 +2140,7 @@ async fn delete_cipher_attachment_by_id(

    if let Some(ref org_id) = cipher.organization_uuid {
        log_event(
-            EventType::CipherAttachmentDeleted as i32,
+            EventType::CipherAttachmentDeleted,
            &cipher.uuid,
            org_id,
            &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2150,8 +2318,15 @@ impl CipherSyncData {
            }
        }

+        // Generate a HashMap with the Organization UUID as key and the Membership record
+        let members: HashMap<OrganizationId, Membership> = Membership::find_confirmed_by_user(user_id, conn)
+            .await
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|m| (m.org_uuid.clone(), m))
+            .collect();
+
        // Generate a list of Cipher UUID's containing a Vec with one or more Attachment records
-        let orgs = Membership::get_orgs_by_user(user_id, conn).await;
+        let orgs: Vec<OrganizationId> = members.keys().cloned().collect();
        let attachments = Attachment::find_all_by_user_and_orgs(user_id, &orgs, conn).await;
        let mut cipher_attachments: HashMap<CipherId, Vec<Attachment>> = HashMap::with_capacity(attachments.len());
        for attachment in attachments {
@@ -2166,13 +2341,6 @@ impl CipherSyncData {
            cipher_collections.entry(cipher).or_default().push(collection);
        }

-        // Generate a HashMap with the Organization UUID as key and the Membership record
-        let members: HashMap<OrganizationId, Membership> = Membership::find_confirmed_by_user(user_id, conn)
-            .await
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|m| (m.org_uuid.clone(), m))
-            .collect();
-
        // Generate a HashMap with the User_Collections UUID as key and the CollectionUser record
        let user_collections: HashMap<CollectionId, CollectionUser> = CollectionUser::find_by_user(user_id, conn)
            .await
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ use crate::{
    CONFIG,
    api::{
        EmptyResult, JsonResult,
-        core::{CipherSyncData, CipherSyncType},
+        core::{
+            CipherSyncData, CipherSyncType,
+            accounts::{AuthenticationData, UnlockData},
+        },
    },
    auth::{Headers, decode_emergency_access_invite},
    db::{
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ async fn send_invite(data: Json<EmergencyAccessInviteData>, headers: Headers, co
    let (grantee_user, new_user) = match User::find_by_mail(&email, &conn).await {
        None => {
            if !CONFIG.invitations_allowed() {
-                err!(format!("Grantee user does not exist: {email}"))
+                err!(format!("Grantee user does not exist: {}", email.escape_debug()))
            }

            if !CONFIG.is_email_domain_allowed(&email) {
@@ -615,6 +618,7 @@ async fn takeover_emergency_access(emer_id: EmergencyAccessId, headers: Headers,
        "kdfMemory": grantor_user.client_kdf_memory,
        "kdfParallelism": grantor_user.client_kdf_parallelism,
        "keyEncrypted": &emergency_access.key_encrypted,
+        "salt": grantor_user.master_password_salt(),
        "object": "emergencyAccessTakeover",
    });

@@ -624,8 +628,13 @@ async fn takeover_emergency_access(emer_id: EmergencyAccessId, headers: Headers,
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct EmergencyAccessPasswordData {
-    new_master_password_hash: String,
-    key: String,
+    // Legacy payload
+    new_master_password_hash: Option<String>,
+    key: Option<String>,
+
+    // Current payload
+    authentication_data: Option<AuthenticationData>,
+    unlock_data: Option<UnlockData>,
 }

 #[post("/emergency-access/<emer_id>/password", data = "<data>")]
@@ -638,8 +647,6 @@ async fn password_emergency_access(
    check_emergency_access_enabled()?;

    let data: EmergencyAccessPasswordData = data.into_inner();
-    let new_master_password_hash = &data.new_master_password_hash;
-    //let key = &data.Key;

    let requesting_user = headers.user;
    let Some(emergency_access) =
@@ -656,8 +663,23 @@ async fn password_emergency_access(
        err!("Grantor user not found.")
    };

+    let (new_master_password_hash, new_key) =
+        if let (Some(authentication_data), Some(unlock_data)) = (data.authentication_data, data.unlock_data) {
+            authentication_data.check(&grantor_user, &unlock_data)?;
+
+            if !authentication_data.kdf.matches_user(&grantor_user) {
+                err!("KDF settings do not match the grantor account")
+            }
+
+            (authentication_data.master_password_authentication_hash, unlock_data.master_key_wrapped_user_key)
+        } else if let (Some(new_master_password_hash), Some(new_key)) = (data.new_master_password_hash, data.key) {
+            (new_master_password_hash, new_key)
+        } else {
+            err!("Invalid request!")
+        };
+
    // change grantor_user password
-    grantor_user.set_password(new_master_password_hash, Some(data.key), true, None, &conn).await?;
+    grantor_user.set_password(&new_master_password_hash, Some(new_key), true, None, &conn).await?;
    grantor_user.save(&conn).await?;

    // Disable TwoFactor providers since they will otherwise block logins
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ use serde_json::Value;

 use crate::{
    CONFIG,
-    api::{EmptyResult, JsonResult},
+    api::{ApiResult, EmptyResult, JsonResult},
    auth::{AdminHeaders, Headers},
    db::{
        DbConn, DbPool,
-        models::{Cipher, CipherId, Event, Membership, MembershipId, OrganizationId, UserId},
+        models::{Cipher, CipherId, Event, EventType, Membership, MembershipId, OrganizationId, UserId},
    },
+    error::MapResult,
    util::parse_date,
 };

@@ -29,6 +30,14 @@ struct EventRange {
    continuation_token: Option<String>,
 }

+impl EventRange {
+    fn date_range(&self) -> ApiResult<(NaiveDateTime, NaiveDateTime)> {
+        let start_date = parse_date(&self.start).map_res("Invalid start date")?;
+        let end_date = parse_date(self.continuation_token.as_ref().unwrap_or(&self.end)).map_res("Invalid end date")?;
+        Ok((start_date, end_date))
+    }
+}
+
 // Upstream: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Api/AdminConsole/Controllers/EventsController.cs#L87
 #[get("/organizations/<org_id>/events?<data..>")]
 async fn get_org_events(org_id: OrganizationId, data: EventRange, headers: AdminHeaders, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
@@ -39,12 +48,7 @@ async fn get_org_events(org_id: OrganizationId, data: EventRange, headers: Admin
    // Return an empty vec when we org events are disabled.
    // This prevents client errors
    let events_json: Vec<Value> = if CONFIG.org_events_enabled() {
-        let start_date = parse_date(&data.start);
-        let end_date = if let Some(before_date) = &data.continuation_token {
-            parse_date(before_date)
-        } else {
-            parse_date(&data.end)
-        };
+        let (start_date, end_date) = data.date_range()?;

        Event::find_by_organization_uuid(&org_id, &start_date, &end_date, &conn)
            .await
@@ -69,12 +73,7 @@ async fn get_cipher_events(cipher_id: CipherId, data: EventRange, headers: Heade
    let events_json: Vec<Value> = if CONFIG.org_events_enabled()
        && Membership::user_has_ge_admin_access_to_cipher(&headers.user.uuid, &cipher_id, &conn).await
    {
-        let start_date = parse_date(&data.start);
-        let end_date = if let Some(before_date) = &data.continuation_token {
-            parse_date(before_date)
-        } else {
-            parse_date(&data.end)
-        };
+        let (start_date, end_date) = data.date_range()?;

        Event::find_by_cipher_uuid(&cipher_id, &start_date, &end_date, &conn).await.iter().map(Event::to_json).collect()
    } else {
@@ -102,12 +101,7 @@ async fn get_user_events(
    // Return an empty vec when we org events are disabled.
    // This prevents client errors
    let events_json: Vec<Value> = if CONFIG.org_events_enabled() {
-        let start_date = parse_date(&data.start);
-        let end_date = if let Some(before_date) = &data.continuation_token {
-            parse_date(before_date)
-        } else {
-            parse_date(&data.end)
-        };
+        let (start_date, end_date) = data.date_range()?;

        Event::find_by_org_and_member(&org_id, &member_id, &start_date, &end_date, &conn)
            .await
@@ -168,9 +162,10 @@ async fn post_events_collect(data: Json<Vec<EventCollection>>, headers: Headers,
    }

    for event in data.iter() {
-        let event_date = parse_date(&event.date);
+        let event_date = parse_date(&event.date).map_res("Invalid event date")?;
+        // Only the event types upstream accepts from clients, the rest are written server-side.
        match event.r#type {
-            1000..=1099 => {
+            t if t == EventType::UserClientExportedVault as i32 => {
                log_user_event_impl(
                    event.r#type,
                    &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -181,7 +176,7 @@ async fn post_events_collect(data: Json<Vec<EventCollection>>, headers: Headers,
                )
                .await;
            }
-            1600..=1699 => {
+            t if t == EventType::OrganizationClientExportedVault as i32 => {
                // Only allow logging events for an organization the user is actually a member of.
                if let Some(org_id) = &event.organization_id
                    && Membership::find_confirmed_by_user_and_org(&headers.user.uuid, org_id, &conn).await.is_some()
@@ -199,7 +194,28 @@ async fn post_events_collect(data: Json<Vec<EventCollection>>, headers: Headers,
                    .await;
                }
            }
-            _ => {
+            // Only the vault notification banner click is accepted from clients. The rest of
+            // the 1500..=1599 range is written server-side and must not be forgeable by a client.
+            t if t == EventType::OrganizationUserNotificationBannerActionClicked as i32 => {
+                if let Some(org_id) = &event.organization_id
+                    && let Some(membership) =
+                        Membership::find_confirmed_by_user_and_org(&headers.user.uuid, org_id, &conn).await
+                {
+                    log_event_impl(
+                        event.r#type,
+                        &membership.uuid,
+                        org_id,
+                        &headers.user.uuid,
+                        headers.device.atype,
+                        Some(event_date),
+                        &headers.ip.ip,
+                        &conn,
+                    )
+                    .await;
+                }
+            }
+            // Client-side cipher events (viewed, copied, toggled, autofilled).
+            1107..=1114 | 1117 | 1119..=1132 => {
                // The cipher determines the organization the event is logged to, so make sure the
                // user can actually access it instead of trusting the provided cipher uuid.
                if let Some(cipher_uuid) = &event.cipher_id
@@ -220,16 +236,17 @@ async fn post_events_collect(data: Json<Vec<EventCollection>>, headers: Headers,
                    .await;
                }
            }
+            _ => {}
        }
    }
    Ok(())
 }

-pub async fn log_user_event(event_type: i32, user_id: &UserId, device_type: i32, ip: &IpAddr, conn: &DbConn) {
+pub async fn log_user_event(event_type: EventType, user_id: &UserId, device_type: i32, ip: &IpAddr, conn: &DbConn) {
    if !CONFIG.org_events_enabled() {
        return;
    }
-    log_user_event_impl(event_type, user_id, device_type, None, ip, conn).await;
+    log_user_event_impl(event_type as i32, user_id, device_type, None, ip, conn).await;
 }

 async fn log_user_event_impl(
@@ -267,7 +284,7 @@ async fn log_user_event_impl(
 }

 pub async fn log_event(
-    event_type: i32,
+    event_type: EventType,
    source_uuid: &str,
    org_id: &OrganizationId,
    act_user_id: &UserId,
@@ -278,7 +295,7 @@ pub async fn log_event(
    if !CONFIG.org_events_enabled() {
        return;
    }
-    log_event_impl(event_type, source_uuid, org_id, act_user_id, device_type, None, ip, conn).await;
+    log_event_impl(event_type as i32, source_uuid, org_id, act_user_id, device_type, None, ip, conn).await;
 }

 #[expect(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};

 use num_traits::FromPrimitive;
-use rocket::{Route, serde::json::Json};
+use rocket::{Route, http::Status, serde::json::Json};
 use serde_json::Value;

 use crate::{
    CONFIG,
    api::admin::FAKE_ADMIN_UUID,
    api::{
-        EmptyResult, JsonResult, Notify, PasswordOrOtpData, UpdateType,
+        ApiResult, EmptyResult, JsonResult, Notify, PasswordOrOtpData, UpdateType,
        core::{CipherSyncData, CipherSyncType, accept_org_invite, log_event, two_factor},
    },
    auth::{AdminHeaders, Headers, ManagerHeaders, ManagerHeadersLoose, OrgMemberHeaders, OwnerHeaders, decode_invite},
    db::{
        DbConn,
        models::{
-            Cipher, CipherId, Collection, CollectionCipher, CollectionGroup, CollectionId, CollectionUser, EventType,
-            Group, GroupId, GroupUser, Invitation, Membership, MembershipId, MembershipStatus, MembershipType,
-            OrgPolicy, OrgPolicyType, Organization, OrganizationApiKey, OrganizationId, User, UserId,
+            Cipher, CipherId, Collection, CollectionCipher, CollectionGroup, CollectionId, CollectionUser, Device,
+            EventType, Group, GroupId, GroupUser, Invitation, Membership, MembershipId, MembershipStatus,
+            MembershipType, OrgPolicy, OrgPolicyType, Organization, OrganizationApiKey, OrganizationId, TwoFactor,
+            TwoFactorType, User, UserId,
        },
    },
    mail,
@@ -25,12 +26,13 @@ use crate::{
    util::{NumberOrString, convert_json_key_lcase_first},
 };

+use super::accounts::{AuthenticationData, UnlockData};
+
 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
    routes![
        get_organization,
        create_organization,
        delete_organization,
-        post_delete_organization,
        leave_organization,
        get_user_collections,
        get_org_collections,
@@ -38,13 +40,10 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
        get_org_collection_detail,
        get_collection_users,
        put_organization,
-        post_organization,
        post_organization_collections,
        post_bulk_access_collections,
-        post_organization_collection_update,
        put_organization_collection_update,
        delete_organization_collection,
-        post_organization_collection_delete,
        bulk_delete_organization_collections,
        post_bulk_collections,
        get_org_details,
@@ -59,7 +58,6 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
        get_org_user_mini_details,
        get_user,
        edit_member,
-        put_member,
        delete_member,
        bulk_delete_member,
        post_org_import,
@@ -69,7 +67,6 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
        get_master_password_policy,
        get_policy,
        put_policy,
-        put_policy_vnext,
        get_plans,
        post_org_keys,
        get_organization_keys,
@@ -85,22 +82,16 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
        post_groups,
        get_group,
        put_group,
-        post_group,
        get_group_details,
        delete_group,
-        post_delete_group,
        bulk_delete_groups,
        get_group_members,
-        put_group_members,
-        post_delete_group_member,
        put_reset_password_enrollment,
        get_reset_password_details,
-        put_reset_password,
        put_recover_account,
        get_org_export,
        post_api_key,
        rotate_api_key,
-        get_billing_metadata,
        get_billing_warnings,
        get_auto_enroll_status,
        get_self_host_billing_metadata,
@@ -132,7 +123,6 @@ struct FullCollectionData {
    name: String,
    groups: Vec<CollectionGroupData>,
    users: Vec<CollectionMembershipData>,
-    id: Option<CollectionId>,
    external_id: Option<String>,
 }

@@ -245,16 +235,6 @@ async fn delete_organization(
    }
 }

-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/delete", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_delete_organization(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>,
-    headers: OwnerHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    delete_organization(org_id, data, headers, conn).await
-}
-
 #[post("/organizations/<org_id>/leave")]
 async fn leave_organization(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: OrgMemberHeaders, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
    if headers.membership.status != MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32 {
@@ -269,7 +249,7 @@ async fn leave_organization(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: OrgMemberHeaders, c
    }

    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserLeft as i32,
+        EventType::OrganizationUserLeft,
        &membership.uuid,
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -300,16 +280,6 @@ async fn put_organization(
    headers: OwnerHeaders,
    data: Json<OrganizationUpdateData>,
    conn: DbConn,
-) -> JsonResult {
-    post_organization(org_id, headers, data, conn).await
-}
-
-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_organization(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    headers: OwnerHeaders,
-    data: Json<OrganizationUpdateData>,
-    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> JsonResult {
    if org_id != headers.org_id {
        err!("Organization not found", "Organization id's do not match");
@@ -327,7 +297,7 @@ async fn post_organization(
    org.save(&conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUpdated as i32,
+        EventType::OrganizationUpdated,
        org_id.as_ref(),
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -391,7 +361,7 @@ async fn get_org_collections(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: ManagerHeadersLoos
    }

    if !headers.membership.has_full_access() {
-        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have full access", rocket::http::Status::NotFound.code);
+        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have full access", Status::NotFound.code);
    }

    Ok(Json(json!({
@@ -415,8 +385,9 @@ async fn get_org_collections_details(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: ManagerHea
    let col_users = CollectionUser::find_by_organization_swap_user_uuid_with_member_uuid(&org_id, &conn).await;
    // Generate a HashMap to get the correct MembershipType per user to determine the manage permission
    // We use the uuid instead of the user_uuid here, since that is what is used in CollectionUser
+    // This lists other members for admins, so it must not depend on the membership status
    let membership_type: HashMap<MembershipId, i32> =
-        Membership::find_confirmed_by_org(&org_id, &conn).await.into_iter().map(|m| (m.uuid, m.atype)).collect();
+        Membership::find_by_org(&org_id, &conn).await.into_iter().map(|m| (m.uuid, m.atype)).collect();

    // check if current user has full access to the organization (either directly or via any group)
    let has_full_access_to_org = member.has_full_access()
@@ -514,7 +485,7 @@ async fn post_organization_collections(
    collection.save(&conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::CollectionCreated as i32,
+        EventType::CollectionCreated,
        &collection.uuid,
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -597,7 +568,7 @@ async fn post_bulk_access_collections(
        collection.save(&conn).await?;

        log_event(
-            EventType::CollectionUpdated as i32,
+            EventType::CollectionUpdated,
            &collection.uuid,
            &org_id,
            &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -639,17 +610,6 @@ async fn put_organization_collection_update(
    headers: ManagerHeaders,
    data: Json<FullCollectionData>,
    conn: DbConn,
-) -> JsonResult {
-    post_organization_collection_update(org_id, col_id, headers, data, conn).await
-}
-
-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/collections/<col_id>", data = "<data>", rank = 2)]
-async fn post_organization_collection_update(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    col_id: CollectionId,
-    headers: ManagerHeaders,
-    data: Json<FullCollectionData>,
-    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> JsonResult {
    if org_id != headers.org_id {
        err!("Organization not found", "Organization id's do not match");
@@ -674,7 +634,7 @@ async fn post_organization_collection_update(
    collection.save(&conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::CollectionUpdated as i32,
+        EventType::CollectionUpdated,
        &collection.uuid,
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -723,7 +683,7 @@ async fn delete_organization_collection_impl(
        err!("Collection not found", "Collection does not exist or does not belong to this organization")
    };
    log_event(
-        EventType::CollectionDeleted as i32,
+        EventType::CollectionDeleted,
        &collection.uuid,
        org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -745,16 +705,6 @@ async fn delete_organization_collection(
    delete_organization_collection_impl(&org_id, &col_id, &headers, &conn).await
 }

-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/collections/<col_id>/delete")]
-async fn post_organization_collection_delete(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    col_id: CollectionId,
-    headers: ManagerHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    delete_organization_collection_impl(&org_id, &col_id, &headers, &conn).await
-}
-
 #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct BulkCollectionIds {
@@ -818,11 +768,9 @@ async fn get_org_collection_detail(

            // Generate a HashMap to get the correct MembershipType per user to determine the manage permission
            // We use the uuid instead of the user_uuid here, since that is what is used in CollectionUser
-            let membership_type: HashMap<MembershipId, i32> = Membership::find_confirmed_by_org(&org_id, &conn)
-                .await
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|m| (m.uuid, m.atype))
-                .collect();
+            // This lists other members for admins, so it must not depend on the membership status
+            let membership_type: HashMap<MembershipId, i32> =
+                Membership::find_by_org(&org_id, &conn).await.into_iter().map(|m| (m.uuid, m.atype)).collect();

            let users: Vec<Value> =
                CollectionUser::find_by_org_and_coll_swap_user_uuid_with_member_uuid(&org_id, &collection.uuid, &conn)
@@ -887,11 +835,11 @@ struct OrgIdData {
 #[get("/ciphers/organization-details?<data..>")]
 async fn get_org_details(data: OrgIdData, headers: ManagerHeadersLoose, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
    if data.organization_id != headers.membership.org_uuid {
-        err_code!("Resource not found.", "Organization id's do not match", rocket::http::Status::NotFound.code);
+        err_code!("Resource not found.", "Organization id's do not match", Status::NotFound.code);
    }

    if !headers.membership.has_full_access() {
-        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have full access", rocket::http::Status::NotFound.code);
+        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have full access", Status::NotFound.code);
    }

    Ok(Json(json!({
@@ -955,13 +903,14 @@ async fn get_members(
    }

    if !headers.membership.has_full_access() {
-        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have full access", rocket::http::Status::NotFound.code);
+        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have full access", Status::NotFound.code);
    }

    let mut users_json = Vec::new();
    for u in Membership::find_by_org(&org_id, &conn).await {
+        // The user can be a manager instead of an admin, but we've checked above that they have full access
        users_json.push(
-            u.to_json_user_details(
+            u.to_json_details_for_admin(
                data.include_collections.unwrap_or(false),
                data.include_groups.unwrap_or(false),
                &conn,
@@ -1075,13 +1024,13 @@ async fn send_invite(
            && data.permissions.get("deleteAnyCollection") == Some(&json!(true))
            && data.permissions.get("createNewCollections") == Some(&json!(true)));

-    let mut user_created: bool = false;
+    let mut user_created: bool;
    for email in &data.emails {
        let mut member_status = MembershipStatus::Invited as i32;
        let user = match User::find_by_mail(email, &conn).await {
            None => {
                if !CONFIG.invitations_allowed() {
-                    err!(format!("User does not exist: {email}"))
+                    err!(format!("User does not exist: {}", email.escape_debug()))
                }

                if !CONFIG.is_email_domain_allowed(email) {
@@ -1099,7 +1048,7 @@ async fn send_invite(
            }
            Some(user) => {
                if Membership::find_by_user_and_org(&user.uuid, &org_id, &conn).await.is_some() {
-                    err!(format!("User already in organization: {email}"))
+                    err!(format!("User already in organization: {}", email.escape_debug()))
                }

                if !CONFIG.mail_enabled() {
@@ -1110,6 +1059,7 @@ async fn send_invite(
                        member_status = MembershipStatus::Accepted as i32;
                    }
                }
+                user_created = false;
                user
            }
        };
@@ -1148,7 +1098,7 @@ async fn send_invite(
        }

        log_event(
-            EventType::OrganizationUserInvited as i32,
+            EventType::OrganizationUserInvited,
            &new_member.uuid,
            &org_id,
            &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -1373,7 +1323,9 @@ async fn bulk_confirm_invite(
    match data.keys {
        Some(keys) => {
            for invite in keys {
-                let member_id = invite.id.unwrap();
+                let Some(member_id) = invite.id else {
+                    err!("Member id is required")
+                };
                let user_key = invite.key.unwrap_or_default();
                let err_msg = match confirm_invite_impl(&org_id, &member_id, &user_key, &headers, &conn, &nt).await {
                    Ok(()) => String::new(),
@@ -1447,7 +1399,7 @@ async fn confirm_invite_impl(
    OrgPolicy::check_user_allowed(&member_to_confirm, "confirm", conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserConfirmed as i32,
+        EventType::OrganizationUserConfirmed,
        &member_to_confirm.uuid,
        org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -1515,7 +1467,9 @@ async fn get_user(
    // In this case, when groups are requested we also need to include collections.
    // Else these will not be shown in the interface, and could lead to missing collections when saved.
    let include_groups = data.include_groups.unwrap_or(false);
-    Ok(Json(user.to_json_user_details(data.include_collections.unwrap_or(include_groups), include_groups, &conn).await))
+    Ok(Json(
+        user.to_json_details_for_admin(data.include_collections.unwrap_or(include_groups), include_groups, &conn).await,
+    ))
 }

 #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -1529,17 +1483,6 @@ struct EditUserData {
 }

 #[put("/organizations/<org_id>/users/<member_id>", data = "<data>", rank = 1)]
-async fn put_member(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    member_id: MembershipId,
-    data: Json<EditUserData>,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    edit_member(org_id, member_id, data, headers, conn).await
-}
-
-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/users/<member_id>", data = "<data>", rank = 1)]
 async fn edit_member(
    org_id: OrganizationId,
    member_id: MembershipId,
@@ -1637,7 +1580,7 @@ async fn edit_member(
    }

    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserUpdated as i32,
+        EventType::OrganizationUserUpdated,
        &member_to_edit.uuid,
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -1724,7 +1667,7 @@ async fn delete_member_impl(
    }

    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserRemoved as i32,
+        EventType::OrganizationUserRemoved,
        &member_to_delete.uuid,
        org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -1793,11 +1736,22 @@ async fn bulk_public_keys(
 use super::ciphers::CipherData;
 use super::ciphers::update_cipher_from_data;

+// The import endpoint only ever uses the name/id/external_id of a collection.
+// Bitwarden's own server ignores `groups`/`users` here too, so do not make them
+// mandatory: clients are free to leave them out.
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct ImportCollectionData {
+    name: String,
+    id: Option<CollectionId>,
+    external_id: Option<String>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct ImportData {
    ciphers: Vec<CipherData>,
-    collections: Vec<FullCollectionData>,
+    collections: Vec<ImportCollectionData>,
    collection_relationships: Vec<RelationsData>,
 }

@@ -1823,6 +1777,10 @@ async fn post_org_import(
    if org_id != headers.membership.org_uuid {
        err!("Organization not found", "Organization id's do not match");
    }
+    // OrgMemberHeaders also allows invited and accepted members, which are not allowed to import
+    if headers.membership.status != MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32 {
+        err!("You need to be a Member of the Organization to call this endpoint")
+    }
    let data: ImportData = data.into_inner();

    // Validate the import before continuing
@@ -1873,7 +1831,7 @@ async fn post_org_import(
        cipher_data.folder_id = None;
        // Replace the client-provided, unvalidated organizationId with the real target org
        cipher_data.organization_id = Some(org_id.clone());
-        let mut cipher = Cipher::new(cipher_data.r#type, cipher_data.name.clone());
+        let mut cipher = Cipher::new(cipher_data.r#type);
        update_cipher_from_data(
            &mut cipher,
            cipher_data,
@@ -1904,7 +1862,7 @@ async fn post_org_import(
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct BulkCollectionsData {
    organization_id: OrganizationId,
-    cipher_ids: Vec<CipherId>,
+    cipher_ids: HashSet<CipherId>,
    collection_ids: HashSet<CollectionId>,
    remove_collections: bool,
 }
@@ -2144,7 +2102,7 @@ async fn put_policy(
                }

                log_event(
-                    EventType::OrganizationUserRemoved as i32,
+                    EventType::OrganizationUserRemoved,
                    &member.uuid,
                    &org_id,
                    &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2170,7 +2128,7 @@ async fn put_policy(
    policy.save(&conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::PolicyUpdated as i32,
+        EventType::PolicyUpdated,
        policy.uuid.as_ref(),
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2183,18 +2141,6 @@ async fn put_policy(
    Ok(Json(policy.to_json()))
 }

-// Deprecated with client v2026.5.0
-#[put("/organizations/<org_id>/policies/<pol_type>/vnext", data = "<data>")]
-async fn put_policy_vnext(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    pol_type: i32,
-    data: Json<PutPolicy>,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> JsonResult {
-    put_policy(org_id, pol_type, data, headers, conn).await
-}
-
 #[get("/plans")]
 fn get_plans() -> Json<Value> {
    // Respond with a minimal json just enough to allow the creation of an new organization.
@@ -2223,12 +2169,6 @@ fn get_plans() -> Json<Value> {
    }))
 }

-#[get("/organizations/<_org_id>/billing/metadata")]
-fn get_billing_metadata(_org_id: OrganizationId, _headers: OrgMemberHeaders) -> Json<Value> {
-    // Prevent a 404 error, which also causes Javascript errors.
-    Json(empty_data_json())
-}
-
 #[get("/organizations/<_org_id>/billing/vnext/warnings")]
 fn get_billing_warnings(_org_id: OrganizationId, _headers: OrgMemberHeaders) -> Json<Value> {
    Json(json!({
@@ -2248,14 +2188,6 @@ fn get_self_host_billing_metadata(_org_id: OrganizationId, _headers: OrgMemberHe
    }))
 }

-fn empty_data_json() -> Value {
-    json!({
-        "object": "list",
-        "data": [],
-        "continuationToken": null
-    })
-}
-
 #[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct BulkRevokeMembershipIds {
@@ -2339,7 +2271,7 @@ async fn revoke_member_impl(
            member.save(conn).await?;

            log_event(
-                EventType::OrganizationUserRevoked as i32,
+                EventType::OrganizationUserRevoked,
                &member.uuid,
                org_id,
                &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2437,7 +2369,7 @@ async fn restore_member_impl(
            member.save(conn).await?;

            log_event(
-                EventType::OrganizationUserRestored as i32,
+                EventType::OrganizationUserRestored,
                &member.uuid,
                org_id,
                &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2476,7 +2408,7 @@ async fn get_groups_data(
            || Collection::has_manageable_collection_by_user(&org_id, &headers.membership.user_uuid, &conn).await
    };
    if !allowed {
-        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have access", rocket::http::Status::NotFound.code);
+        err_code!("Resource not found.", "User does not have access", Status::NotFound.code);
    }

    let groups: Vec<Value> = if CONFIG.org_groups_enabled() {
@@ -2574,17 +2506,6 @@ impl CollectionData {
    }
 }

-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/groups/<group_id>", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_group(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    group_id: GroupId,
-    data: Json<GroupRequest>,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> JsonResult {
-    put_group(org_id, group_id, data, headers, conn).await
-}
-
 #[post("/organizations/<org_id>/groups", data = "<data>")]
 async fn post_groups(
    org_id: OrganizationId,
@@ -2605,7 +2526,7 @@ async fn post_groups(
    let group = group_request.to_group(&org_id);

    log_event(
-        EventType::GroupCreated as i32,
+        EventType::GroupCreated,
        &group.uuid,
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2646,7 +2567,7 @@ async fn put_group(
    GroupUser::delete_all_by_group(&group_id, &org_id, &conn).await?;

    log_event(
-        EventType::GroupUpdated as i32,
+        EventType::GroupUpdated,
        &updated_group.uuid,
        &org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2679,7 +2600,7 @@ async fn add_update_group(
        user_entry.save(conn).await?;

        log_event(
-            EventType::OrganizationUserUpdatedGroups as i32,
+            EventType::OrganizationUserUpdatedGroups,
            &assigned_member,
            &org_id,
            &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2694,7 +2615,6 @@ async fn add_update_group(
        "id": group.uuid,
        "organizationId": group.organizations_uuid,
        "name": group.name,
-        "accessAll": group.access_all,
        "externalId": group.external_id,
        "object": "group"
    })))
@@ -2721,16 +2641,6 @@ async fn get_group_details(
    Ok(Json(group.to_json_details(&conn).await))
 }

-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/groups/<group_id>/delete")]
-async fn post_delete_group(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    group_id: GroupId,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    delete_group_impl(&org_id, &group_id, &headers, &conn).await
-}
-
 #[delete("/organizations/<org_id>/groups/<group_id>")]
 async fn delete_group(org_id: OrganizationId, group_id: GroupId, headers: AdminHeaders, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
    delete_group_impl(&org_id, &group_id, &headers, &conn).await
@@ -2754,7 +2664,7 @@ async fn delete_group_impl(
    };

    log_event(
-        EventType::GroupDeleted as i32,
+        EventType::GroupDeleted,
        &group.uuid,
        org_id,
        &headers.user.uuid,
@@ -2832,90 +2742,6 @@ async fn get_group_members(
    Ok(Json(json!(group_members)))
 }

-#[put("/organizations/<org_id>/groups/<group_id>/users", data = "<data>")]
-async fn put_group_members(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    group_id: GroupId,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    data: Json<Vec<MembershipId>>,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    if org_id != headers.org_id {
-        err!("Organization not found", "Organization id's do not match");
-    }
-    if !CONFIG.org_groups_enabled() {
-        err!("Group support is disabled");
-    }
-
-    if Group::find_by_uuid_and_org(&group_id, &org_id, &conn).await.is_none() {
-        err!("Group could not be found!", "Group uuid is invalid or does not belong to the organization")
-    }
-
-    let assigned_members = data.into_inner();
-
-    let org_memberships = Membership::find_by_org(&org_id, &conn).await;
-    let org_membership_ids: HashSet<&MembershipId> = org_memberships.iter().map(|m| &m.uuid).collect();
-    if let Some(e) = assigned_members.iter().find(|m| !org_membership_ids.contains(m)) {
-        err!("Invalid member", format!("Member {} does not belong to organization {}!", e, org_id))
-    }
-
-    GroupUser::delete_all_by_group(&group_id, &org_id, &conn).await?;
-    for assigned_member in assigned_members {
-        let mut user_entry = GroupUser::new(group_id.clone(), assigned_member.clone());
-        user_entry.save(&conn).await?;
-
-        log_event(
-            EventType::OrganizationUserUpdatedGroups as i32,
-            &assigned_member,
-            &org_id,
-            &headers.user.uuid,
-            headers.device.atype,
-            &headers.ip.ip,
-            &conn,
-        )
-        .await;
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-#[post("/organizations/<org_id>/groups/<group_id>/delete-user/<member_id>")]
-async fn post_delete_group_member(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    group_id: GroupId,
-    member_id: MembershipId,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    if org_id != headers.org_id {
-        err!("Organization not found", "Organization id's do not match");
-    }
-    if !CONFIG.org_groups_enabled() {
-        err!("Group support is disabled");
-    }
-
-    if Membership::find_by_uuid_and_org(&member_id, &org_id, &conn).await.is_none() {
-        err!("User could not be found or does not belong to the organization.");
-    }
-
-    if Group::find_by_uuid_and_org(&group_id, &org_id, &conn).await.is_none() {
-        err!("Group could not be found or does not belong to the organization.");
-    }
-
-    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserUpdatedGroups as i32,
-        &member_id,
-        &org_id,
-        &headers.user.uuid,
-        headers.device.atype,
-        &headers.ip.ip,
-        &conn,
-    )
-    .await;
-
-    GroupUser::delete_by_group_and_member(&group_id, &member_id, &conn).await
-}
-
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollmentRequest {
@@ -2927,8 +2753,13 @@ struct OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnrollmentRequest {
 #[derive(Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct OrganizationUserRecoverAccountRequest {
-    new_master_password_hash: String,
-    key: String,
+    // Legacy payload
+    new_master_password_hash: Option<String>,
+    key: Option<String>,
+
+    // Current payload
+    authentication_data: Option<AuthenticationData>,
+    unlock_data: Option<UnlockData>,

    #[serde(default)]
    reset_master_password: bool,
@@ -2940,8 +2771,26 @@ struct OrganizationUserRecoverAccountRequest {
 // But the clients do not seem to use this at all
 // Just add it here in case they will
 #[get("/organizations/<org_id>/public-key")]
-async fn get_organization_public_key(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: OrgMemberHeaders, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    if org_id != headers.membership.org_uuid {
+async fn get_organization_public_key(
+    org_id: OrganizationId,
+    headers: Headers,
+    member: Result<OrgMemberHeaders, &'static str>,
+    conn: DbConn,
+) -> JsonResult {
+    // SSO users without an org get the fake one, whose key the v2 JIT password flow fetches anyway
+    if org_id.eq_ignore_ascii_case(FAKE_SSO_IDENTIFIER) && headers.user.private_key.is_none() {
+        return Ok(Json(json!({
+            "object": "organizationPublicKey",
+            "publicKey": fake_sso_org_public_key().await?,
+        })));
+    }
+    let member = match member {
+        Ok(member) => member,
+        // The guard already logged it
+        Err(e) => return Err(crate::error::Error::new_msg(e).with_code(Status::Unauthorized.code)),
+    };
+
+    if org_id != member.membership.org_uuid {
        err!("Organization not found", "Organization id's do not match");
    }
    let Some(org) = Organization::find_by_uuid(&org_id, &conn).await else {
@@ -2954,11 +2803,30 @@ async fn get_organization_public_key(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: OrgMemberH
    })))
 }

+/// The SDK only uses this key to wrap an account recovery key that it never sends for the fake org,
+/// so it is made once and its private half dropped.
+async fn fake_sso_org_public_key() -> ApiResult<String> {
+    static PUBLIC_KEY: std::sync::LazyLock<Option<String>> = std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| {
+        let der = openssl::rsa::Rsa::generate(2048).and_then(|rsa| rsa.public_key_to_der()).ok()?;
+        Some(data_encoding::BASE64.encode(&der))
+    });
+
+    let Ok(Some(public_key)) = tokio::task::spawn_blocking(|| PUBLIC_KEY.clone()).await else {
+        err!("Failed to generate the organization key")
+    };
+    Ok(public_key)
+}
+
 // Obsolete - Renamed to public-key (2023.8), left for backwards compatibility with older clients
 // https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Api/AdminConsole/Controllers/OrganizationsController.cs#L487-L492
 #[get("/organizations/<org_id>/keys")]
-async fn get_organization_keys(org_id: OrganizationId, headers: OrgMemberHeaders, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    get_organization_public_key(org_id, headers, conn).await
+async fn get_organization_keys(
+    org_id: OrganizationId,
+    headers: Headers,
+    member: Result<OrgMemberHeaders, &'static str>,
+    conn: DbConn,
+) -> JsonResult {
+    get_organization_public_key(org_id, headers, member, conn).await
 }

 // Will allow to reset 2FA too
@@ -2971,24 +2839,6 @@ async fn put_recover_account(
    data: Json<OrganizationUserRecoverAccountRequest>,
    conn: DbConn,
    nt: Notify<'_>,
-) -> EmptyResult {
-    let req = data.into_inner();
-    if req.reset_master_password && !req.reset_two_factor {
-        recover_account(org_id, member_id, headers, req, conn, nt).await
-    } else {
-        err!("Unsupported operation")
-    }
-}
-
-// Deprecated since `v2026.4.2`
-#[put("/organizations/<org_id>/users/<member_id>/reset-password", data = "<data>")]
-async fn put_reset_password(
-    org_id: OrganizationId,
-    member_id: MembershipId,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    data: Json<OrganizationUserRecoverAccountRequest>,
-    conn: DbConn,
-    nt: Notify<'_>,
 ) -> EmptyResult {
    recover_account(org_id, member_id, headers, data.into_inner(), conn, nt).await
 }
@@ -2997,7 +2847,7 @@ async fn recover_account(
    org_id: OrganizationId,
    member_id: MembershipId,
    headers: AdminHeaders,
-    reset_request: OrganizationUserRecoverAccountRequest,
+    req: OrganizationUserRecoverAccountRequest,
    conn: DbConn,
    nt: Notify<'_>,
 ) -> EmptyResult {
@@ -3012,7 +2862,7 @@ async fn recover_account(
        err!("User to reset isn't member of required organization")
    };

-    let Some(user) = User::find_by_uuid(&member.user_uuid, &conn).await else {
+    let Some(mut user) = User::find_by_uuid(&member.user_uuid, &conn).await else {
        err!("User not found")
    };

@@ -3025,29 +2875,75 @@ async fn recover_account(
        err!("Organization user must be confirmed for password reset functionality");
    }

-    // Sending email before resetting password to ensure working email configuration and the resulting
-    // user notification. Also this might add some protection against security flaws and misuse
-    if let Err(e) = mail::send_admin_reset_password(&user.email, user.display_name(), &org.name).await {
+    let fallback_2fa_email =
+        if req.reset_two_factor && CONFIG.mail_enabled() && CONFIG.email_2fa_auto_fallback() && user.verified() {
+            TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Email, &conn).await.is_none()
+        } else {
+            false
+        };
+
+    // Check the new password before the email below, so that a rejected request doesn't tell the user
+    // their password was reset
+    let new_password = if req.reset_master_password {
+        let (new_master_password_hash, new_key) = if let (Some(authentication_data), Some(unlock_data)) =
+            (req.authentication_data, req.unlock_data)
+        {
+            authentication_data.check(&user, &unlock_data)?;
+
+            if !authentication_data.kdf.matches_user(&user) {
+                err!("KDF settings do not match the user account")
+            }
+
+            (authentication_data.master_password_authentication_hash, unlock_data.master_key_wrapped_user_key)
+        } else if let (Some(new_master_password_hash), Some(new_key)) = (req.new_master_password_hash, req.key) {
+            (new_master_password_hash, new_key)
+        } else {
+            err_code!("Unprocessable request", "Missing fields to reset password", Status::UnprocessableEntity.code);
+        };
+        Some((new_master_password_hash, new_key))
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    // Sending email first ensure working email configuration and the resulting user notification.
+    // Also this might add some protection against security flaws and misuse
+    if let Err(e) = mail::send_admin_account_recovery(
+        &user.email,
+        user.display_name(),
+        &org.name,
+        req.reset_master_password,
+        req.reset_two_factor,
+        fallback_2fa_email,
+    )
+    .await
+    {
        err!(format!("Error sending user reset password email: {e:#?}"));
    }

-    let mut user = user;
-    user.set_password(reset_request.new_master_password_hash.as_str(), Some(reset_request.key), true, None, &conn)
-        .await?;
+    if let Some((new_master_password_hash, new_key)) = new_password {
+        user.set_password(&new_master_password_hash, Some(new_key), true, None, &conn).await?;
+    }
+
+    if req.reset_two_factor {
+        TwoFactor::delete_all_by_user(&user.uuid, &conn).await?;
+        Device::clear_twofactor_remember_by_user(&user.uuid, &conn).await?;
+        if !fallback_2fa_email || two_factor::email::find_and_activate_email_2fa(&user.uuid, &conn).await.is_err() {
+            two_factor::enforce_2fa_policy(&user, &headers.user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn)
+                .await?;
+        }
+    }
+
    user.save(&conn).await?;

    nt.send_logout(&user, None, &conn).await;

-    log_event(
-        EventType::OrganizationUserAdminResetPassword as i32,
-        &member_id,
-        &org_id,
-        &headers.user.uuid,
-        headers.device.atype,
-        &headers.ip.ip,
-        &conn,
-    )
-    .await;
+    if req.reset_master_password {
+        headers.log_event(EventType::OrganizationUserAdminResetPassword, &member_id, &org_id, &conn).await;
+    }
+
+    if req.reset_two_factor {
+        headers.log_event(EventType::OrganizationUserAdminResetTwoFactor, &member_id, &org_id, &conn).await;
+    }

    Ok(())
 }
@@ -3084,6 +2980,7 @@ async fn get_reset_password_details(
        "kdfIterations": user.client_kdf_iter,
        "kdfMemory": user.client_kdf_memory,
        "kdfParallelism": user.client_kdf_parallelism,
+        "masterPasswordSalt": user.master_password_salt(),
        "resetPasswordKey": member.reset_password_key,
        "encryptedPrivateKey": org.private_key,
    })))
@@ -3166,9 +3063,9 @@ async fn put_reset_password_enrollment(
    membership.save(&conn).await?;

    let event_type = if membership.reset_password_key.is_some() {
-        EventType::OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnroll as i32
+        EventType::OrganizationUserResetPasswordEnroll
    } else {
-        EventType::OrganizationUserResetPasswordWithdraw as i32
+        EventType::OrganizationUserResetPasswordWithdraw
    };

    log_event(event_type, &membership.uuid, &org_id, &headers.user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn)
@@ -3199,7 +3096,7 @@ async fn api_key(
    org_id: &OrganizationId,
    data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>,
    rotate: bool,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
+    headers: OwnerHeaders,
    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> JsonResult {
    if org_id != &headers.org_id {
@@ -3208,7 +3105,7 @@ async fn api_key(
    let data: PasswordOrOtpData = data.into_inner();
    let user = headers.user;

-    // Validate the admin users password/otp
+    // Validate the owner users password/otp
    data.validate(&user, true, &conn).await?;

    let org_api_key = if let Some(mut org_api_key) = OrganizationApiKey::find_by_org_uuid(org_id, &conn).await {
@@ -3236,7 +3133,7 @@ async fn api_key(
 async fn post_api_key(
    org_id: OrganizationId,
    data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
+    headers: OwnerHeaders,
    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> JsonResult {
    api_key(&org_id, data, false, headers, conn).await
@@ -3246,7 +3143,7 @@ async fn post_api_key(
 async fn rotate_api_key(
    org_id: OrganizationId,
    data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>,
-    headers: AdminHeaders,
+    headers: OwnerHeaders,
    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> JsonResult {
    api_key(&org_id, data, true, headers, conn).await
@@ -58,25 +58,13 @@ async fn ldap_import(data: Json<OrgImportData>, token: PublicToken, conn: DbConn
    let org_id = token.0;
    let data = data.into_inner();

+    // Like upstream, the import never removes Owners, so it doesn't revoke or restore them either.
    for user_data in &data.members {
        let mut user_created: bool = false;
        if user_data.deleted {
            // If user is marked for deletion and it exists, revoke it
            if let Some(mut member) = Membership::find_by_email_and_org(&user_data.email, &org_id, &conn).await {
-                // Only revoke a user if it is not the last confirmed owner
-                let revoked = if member.atype == MembershipType::Owner
-                    && member.status == MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32
-                {
-                    if Membership::count_confirmed_by_org_and_type(&org_id, MembershipType::Owner, &conn).await <= 1 {
-                        warn!("Can't revoke the last owner");
-                        false
-                    } else {
-                        member.revoke()
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    member.revoke()
-                };
-
+                let revoked = member.atype != MembershipType::Owner && member.revoke();
                let ext_modified = member.set_external_id(Some(user_data.external_id.clone()));
                if revoked || ext_modified {
                    member.save(&conn).await?;
@@ -84,7 +72,7 @@ async fn ldap_import(data: Json<OrgImportData>, token: PublicToken, conn: DbConn
            }
        // If user is part of the organization, restore it
        } else if let Some(mut member) = Membership::find_by_email_and_org(&user_data.email, &org_id, &conn).await {
-            let mut restored = member.restore();
+            let mut restored = member.atype != MembershipType::Owner && member.restore();
            let ext_modified = member.set_external_id(Some(user_data.external_id.clone()));
            // Enforce org policies as every other restore path does.
            // If the user is not allowed, we revoke again and continue so the external_id is still updated.
@@ -149,9 +137,13 @@ async fn ldap_import(data: Json<OrgImportData>, token: PublicToken, conn: DbConn

    if CONFIG.org_groups_enabled() {
        for group_data in &data.groups {
-            let group_uuid = if let Some(group) =
+            let group_uuid = if let Some(mut group) =
                Group::find_by_external_id_and_org(&group_data.external_id, &org_id, &conn).await
            {
+                if group.name != group_data.name {
+                    group.name = group_data.name.clone();
+                    group.save(&conn).await?;
+                }
                group.uuid
            } else {
                let mut group =
@@ -180,14 +172,8 @@ async fn ldap_import(data: Json<OrgImportData>, token: PublicToken, conn: DbConn
        for member in Membership::find_by_org(&org_id, &conn).await {
            if let Some(ref user_external_id) = member.external_id
                && !sync_members.contains(user_external_id)
+                && member.atype != MembershipType::Owner
            {
-                if member.atype == MembershipType::Owner && member.status == MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32 {
-                    // Removing owner, check that there is at least one other confirmed owner
-                    if Membership::count_confirmed_by_org_and_type(&org_id, MembershipType::Owner, &conn).await <= 1 {
-                        warn!("Can't delete the last owner");
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
                member.delete(&conn).await?;
            }
        }
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use serde_json::Value;
 use crate::{
    CONFIG,
    api::{ApiResult, EmptyResult, JsonResult, Notify, UpdateType},
-    auth::{ClientIp, Headers, Host, SendHeaders},
+    auth::{Headers, Host, SendHeaders},
    config::PathType,
    db::{
        DbConn, DbPool,
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use crate::{

 const SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG: &str = "Send does not exist or is no longer available";
 static ANON_PUSH_DEVICE: LazyLock<Device> = LazyLock::new(|| {
-    let dt = crate::util::parse_date("1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000Z");
+    let dt = DateTime::UNIX_EPOCH.naive_utc();
    Device {
        uuid: String::from("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000").into(),
        created_at: dt,
@@ -39,18 +39,15 @@ static ANON_PUSH_DEVICE: LazyLock<Device> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 });

 // The max file size allowed by Bitwarden clients and add an extra 5% to avoid issues
-const SIZE_525_MB: i64 = 550_502_400;
+pub(crate) const SIZE_525_MB: i64 = 550_502_400;

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<rocket::Route> {
    routes![
        get_sends,
        get_send,
        post_send,
-        post_send_file,
        post_access,
-        post_access_legacy,
        post_access_file,
-        post_access_file_legacy,
        put_send,
        delete_send,
        put_remove_password,
@@ -73,7 +70,7 @@ pub async fn purge_sends(pool: DbPool) {
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 pub struct SendData {
    r#type: i32,
-    key: String,
+    pub key: String,
    password: Option<String>,
    max_access_count: Option<NumberOrString>,
    expiration_date: Option<DateTime<Utc>>,
@@ -201,7 +198,7 @@ async fn post_send(data: Json<SendData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn, nt: Not
    enforce_disable_hide_email_policy(&data, &headers, &conn).await?;

    if data.r#type == SendType::File as i32 {
-        err!("File sends should use /api/sends/file")
+        err!("File sends should use /api/sends/file/v2")
    }

    let mut send = create_send(data, headers.user.uuid)?;
@@ -218,93 +215,11 @@ async fn post_send(data: Json<SendData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn, nt: Not
    Ok(Json(send.to_json()))
 }

-#[derive(FromForm)]
-struct UploadData<'f> {
-    model: Json<SendData>,
-    data: TempFile<'f>,
-}
-
 #[derive(FromForm)]
 struct UploadDataV2<'f> {
    data: TempFile<'f>,
 }

-// @deprecated Mar 25 2021: This method has been deprecated in favor of direct uploads (v2).
-// This method still exists to support older clients, probably need to remove it sometime.
-// Upstream: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/d0c793c95181dfb1b447eb450f85ba0bfd7ef643/src/Api/Controllers/SendsController.cs#L164-L167
-// 2025: This endpoint doesn't seem to exists anymore in the latest version
-// See: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Api/Tools/Controllers/SendsController.cs
-#[post("/sends/file", format = "multipart/form-data", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_send_file(data: Form<UploadData<'_>>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn, nt: Notify<'_>) -> JsonResult {
-    enforce_disable_send_policy(&headers, &conn).await?;
-
-    let UploadData {
-        model,
-        data,
-    } = data.into_inner();
-    let model = model.into_inner();
-
-    let Some(size) = data.len().to_i64() else {
-        err!("Invalid send size");
-    };
-    if size < 0 {
-        err!("Send size can't be negative")
-    }
-
-    enforce_disable_hide_email_policy(&model, &headers, &conn).await?;
-
-    let size_limit = match CONFIG.user_send_limit() {
-        Some(0) => err!("File uploads are disabled"),
-        Some(limit_kb) => {
-            let Some(already_used) = Send::size_by_user(&headers.user.uuid, &conn).await else {
-                err!("Existing sends overflow")
-            };
-            let Some(left) = limit_kb.checked_mul(1024).and_then(|l| l.checked_sub(already_used)) else {
-                err!("Send size overflow");
-            };
-            if left <= 0 {
-                err!("Send storage limit reached! Delete some sends to free up space")
-            }
-            i64::clamp(left, 0, SIZE_525_MB)
-        }
-        None => SIZE_525_MB,
-    };
-
-    if size > size_limit {
-        err!("Send storage limit exceeded with this file");
-    }
-
-    let mut send = create_send(model, headers.user.uuid)?;
-    if send.atype != SendType::File as i32 {
-        err!("Send content is not a file");
-    }
-
-    let file_id = crate::crypto::generate_send_file_id();
-
-    save_temp_file(&PathType::Sends, &format!("{}/{file_id}", send.uuid), data, true).await?;
-
-    let mut data_value: Value = serde_json::from_str(&send.data)?;
-    if let Some(o) = data_value.as_object_mut() {
-        o.insert(String::from("id"), Value::String(file_id));
-        o.insert(String::from("size"), Value::Number(size.into()));
-        o.insert(String::from("sizeName"), Value::String(crate::util::get_display_size(size)));
-    }
-    send.data = serde_json::to_string(&data_value)?;
-
-    // Save the changes in the database
-    send.save(&conn).await?;
-    nt.send_send_update(
-        UpdateType::SyncSendCreate,
-        &send,
-        &send.update_users_revision(&conn).await,
-        &headers.device,
-        &conn,
-    )
-    .await;
-
-    Ok(Json(send.to_json()))
-}
-
 // Upstream: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Api/Tools/Controllers/SendsController.cs#L165
 #[post("/sends/file/v2", data = "<data>")]
 async fn post_send_file_v2(data: Json<SendData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
@@ -413,8 +328,8 @@ async fn post_send_file_v2_data(
            "Send file name does not match.",
            format!(
                "Expected file name '{}' got '{}'",
-                send_data.fileName,
-                raw_file_name.dangerous_unsafe_unsanitized_raw()
+                send_data.fileName.escape_debug(),
+                raw_file_name.dangerous_unsafe_unsanitized_raw().as_str().escape_debug()
            )
        ),
        _ => err!("Send file name does not match or is not provided."),
@@ -450,63 +365,16 @@ async fn post_send_file_v2_data(

 #[post("/sends/access")]
 async fn post_access(headers: SendHeaders, conn: DbConn, nt: Notify<'_>) -> JsonResult {
-    let Some(send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&headers.send_id, &conn).await else {
+    let Some(mut send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&headers.send_id, &conn).await else {
        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
    };
    if !send.is_accessible() {
        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
    }
-    process_access(send, conn, nt).await
-}
-
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-pub struct SendAccessData {
-    pub password: Option<String>,
-}
-
-// Legacy since web-2026.6.0
-#[post("/sends/access/<access_id>", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_access_legacy(
-    access_id: &str,
-    data: Json<SendAccessData>,
-    conn: DbConn,
-    ip: ClientIp,
-    nt: Notify<'_>,
-) -> JsonResult {
-    crate::ratelimit::check_limit_unauthenticated(&ip.ip)?;
-
-    let Some(mut send) = Send::find_by_access_id(access_id, &conn).await else {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
-    };
-
-    if let Some(max_access_count) = send.max_access_count
-        && send.access_count >= max_access_count
-    {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404);
-    }
-
-    if !send.is_accessible() {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
-    }
-
-    if send.password_hash.is_some() {
-        match data.into_inner().password {
-            Some(ref p) if send.check_password(p) => { /* Nothing to do here */ }
-            Some(_) => err!("Invalid password", format!("IP: {}.", ip.ip)),
-            None => err_code!("Password not provided", format!("IP: {}.", ip.ip), 401),
-        }
-    }
-
    // Files are incremented during the download
-    if send.atype == SendType::Text as i32 {
-        if !send.register_access(&conn).await? {
-            err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
-        }
-    } else {
-        send.save(&conn).await?;
+    if send.atype == SendType::Text as i32 && !send.register_access(&conn).await? {
+        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
    }
-
    process_access(send, conn, nt).await
 }

@@ -531,55 +399,27 @@ async fn post_access_file(
    conn: DbConn,
    nt: Notify<'_>,
 ) -> JsonResult {
-    let Some(send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&headers.send_id, &conn).await else {
+    let Some(mut send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&headers.send_id, &conn).await else {
        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
    };
    if !send.is_accessible() {
        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
    }
+    check_send_file_id(&send, &file_id)?;
+    if !send.register_access(&conn).await? {
+        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
+    }
    process_access_file(send, file_id, host, conn, nt).await
 }

-// Legacy since web-2026.6.0
-#[post("/sends/<send_id>/access/file/<file_id>", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_access_file_legacy(
-    send_id: SendId,
-    file_id: SendFileId,
-    data: Json<SendAccessData>,
-    host: Host,
-    conn: DbConn,
-    ip: ClientIp,
-    nt: Notify<'_>,
-) -> JsonResult {
-    crate::ratelimit::check_limit_unauthenticated(&ip.ip)?;
-
-    let Some(mut send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&send_id, &conn).await else {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
-    };
-
-    if let Some(max_access_count) = send.max_access_count
-        && send.access_count >= max_access_count
-    {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
+fn check_send_file_id(send: &Send, file_id: &SendFileId) -> EmptyResult {
+    if send.atype != SendType::File as i32 {
+        err!("Send is not a file type send.");
    }
-
-    if !send.is_accessible() {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
+    match serde_json::from_str::<SendFileData>(&send.data) {
+        Ok(data) if &data.id == file_id => Ok(()),
+        _ => err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404),
    }
-
-    if send.password_hash.is_some() {
-        match data.into_inner().password {
-            Some(ref p) if send.check_password(p) => { /* Nothing to do here */ }
-            Some(_) => err!("Invalid password."),
-            None => err_code!("Password not provided", 401),
-        }
-    }
-
-    if !send.register_access(&conn).await? {
-        err_code!(SEND_INACCESSIBLE_MSG, 404)
-    }
-
-    process_access_file(send, file_id, host, conn, nt).await
 }

 async fn process_access_file(send: Send, file_id: SendFileId, host: Host, conn: DbConn, nt: Notify<'_>) -> JsonResult {
@@ -642,7 +482,7 @@ async fn put_send(send_id: SendId, data: Json<SendData>, headers: Headers, conn:
    Ok(Json(send.to_json()))
 }

-pub async fn update_send_from_data(
+async fn update_send_from_data(
    send: &mut Send,
    data: SendData,
    headers: &Headers,
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use rocket::{Route, serde::json::Json};

 use crate::{
    api::{EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData, core::log_user_event, core::two_factor::generate_recover_code},
-    auth::{ClientIp, Headers},
+    auth::{ClientIp, Headers, two_factor},
    crypto,
    db::{
        DbConn,
@@ -20,27 +20,23 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {

 #[post("/two-factor/get-authenticator", data = "<data>")]
 async fn generate_authenticator(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    let data: PasswordOrOtpData = data.into_inner();
    let user = headers.user;

    data.validate(&user, false, &conn).await?;

-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::Authenticator as i32;
-    let twofactor = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, type_, &conn).await;
+    let twofactor = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Authenticator, &conn).await;

    let (enabled, key) = match twofactor {
        Some(tf) => (true, tf.data),
        _ => (false, crypto::encode_random_bytes::<20>(&BASE32)),
    };

-    // Upstream seems to also return `userVerificationToken`, but doesn't seem to be used at all.
-    // It should help prevent TOTP disclosure if someone keeps their vault unlocked.
-    // Since it doesn't seem to be used, and also does not cause any issues, lets leave it out of the response.
-    // See: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Api/Auth/Controllers/TwoFactorController.cs#L94
    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": enabled,
-        "key": key,
-        "object": "twoFactorAuthenticator"
+        "authenticator": json!({
+            "enabled": enabled,
+            "key": key,
+        }),
+        "userVerificationToken": two_factor::authenticator_token(user.uuid, key, enabled),
    })))
 }

@@ -49,8 +45,7 @@ async fn generate_authenticator(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers,
 struct EnableAuthenticatorData {
    key: String,
    token: NumberOrString,
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 #[post("/two-factor/authenticator", data = "<data>")]
@@ -61,12 +56,7 @@ async fn activate_authenticator(data: Json<EnableAuthenticatorData>, headers: He

    let mut user = headers.user;

-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash,
-        otp: data.otp,
-    }
-    .validate(&user, true, &conn)
-    .await?;
+    two_factor::validate_authenticator(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &key, false)?;

    // Validate key as base32 and 20 bytes length
    let decoded_key: Vec<u8> = if let Ok(decoded) = BASE32.decode(key.as_bytes()) {
@@ -84,12 +74,13 @@ async fn activate_authenticator(data: Json<EnableAuthenticatorData>, headers: He

    generate_recover_code(&mut user, &conn).await;

-    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;

    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": true,
-        "key": key,
-        "object": "twoFactorAuthenticator"
+        "authenticator": json!({
+            "enabled": true,
+            "key": key,
+        }),
    })))
 }

@@ -125,8 +116,7 @@ pub async fn validate_totp_code(
        err!("Invalid TOTP secret")
    };

-    let mut twofactor = match TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Authenticator as i32, conn).await
-    {
+    let mut twofactor = match TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Authenticator, conn).await {
        Some(tf) => tf,
        _ => TwoFactor::new(user_id.clone(), TwoFactorType::Authenticator, secret.to_owned()),
    };
@@ -184,36 +174,25 @@ pub async fn validate_totp_code(
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct DisableAuthenticatorData {
    key: String,
-    master_password_hash: String,
-    r#type: NumberOrString,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 #[delete("/two-factor/authenticator", data = "<data>")]
-async fn disable_authenticator(data: Json<DisableAuthenticatorData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
+async fn disable_authenticator(data: Json<DisableAuthenticatorData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
    let user = headers.user;
-    let type_ = data.r#type.into_i32()?;

-    if !user.check_valid_password(&data.master_password_hash) {
-        err!("Invalid password");
-    }
+    two_factor::validate_authenticator(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &data.key, true)?;

-    if let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, type_, &conn).await {
+    if let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Authenticator, &conn).await {
        if twofactor.data == data.key {
            twofactor.delete(&conn).await?;
-            log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn)
-                .await;
+            log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
        } else {
            err!(format!("TOTP key for user {} does not match recorded value, cannot deactivate", &user.email));
        }
    }

-    if TwoFactor::find_by_user(&user.uuid, &conn).await.is_empty() {
-        super::enforce_2fa_policy(&user, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await?;
-    }
+    super::check_2fa_state(&user, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await?;

-    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": false,
-        "keys": type_,
-        "object": "twoFactorProvider"
-    })))
+    Ok(())
 }
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 use chrono::Utc;
-use data_encoding::BASE64;
 use rocket::{Route, serde::json::Json};

 use crate::{
-    CONFIG,
    api::{
-        ApiResult, EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData, core::log_user_event,
-        core::two_factor::generate_recover_code,
+        ApiResult, EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData,
+        core::log_user_event,
+        core::two_factor::{VerificationTokenData, generate_recover_code},
    },
-    auth::Headers,
+    auth::{Headers, two_factor, two_factor::DuoData},
    crypto,
    db::{
        DbConn,
@@ -19,55 +18,7 @@ use crate::{
 };

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
-    routes![get_duo, activate_duo, activate_duo_put,]
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
-struct DuoData {
-    host: String, // Duo API hostname
-    ik: String,   // client id
-    sk: String,   // client secret
-}
-
-impl DuoData {
-    fn global() -> Option<Self> {
-        match (CONFIG._enable_duo(), CONFIG.duo_host()) {
-            (true, Some(host)) => Some(Self {
-                host,
-                ik: CONFIG.duo_ikey().unwrap(),
-                sk: CONFIG.duo_skey().unwrap(),
-            }),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-    fn msg(s: &str) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            host: s.into(),
-            ik: s.into(),
-            sk: s.into(),
-        }
-    }
-    fn secret() -> Self {
-        Self::msg("<global_secret>")
-    }
-    fn obscure(self) -> Self {
-        let mut host = self.host;
-        let mut ik = self.ik;
-        let mut sk = self.sk;
-
-        let digits = 4;
-        let replaced = "************";
-
-        host.replace_range(digits.., replaced);
-        ik.replace_range(digits.., replaced);
-        sk.replace_range(digits.., replaced);
-
-        Self {
-            host,
-            ik,
-            sk,
-        }
-    }
+    routes![get_duo, activate_duo, activate_duo_put, disable_duo,]
 }

 enum DuoStatus {
@@ -96,22 +47,19 @@ async fn get_duo(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn)

    data.validate(&user, false, &conn).await?;

-    let data = get_user_duo_data(&user.uuid, &conn).await;
-
-    let (enabled, data) = match data {
+    let (enabled, duo) = match get_user_duo_data(&user.uuid, &conn).await {
        DuoStatus::Global(_) => (true, Some(DuoData::secret())),
        DuoStatus::User(data) => (true, Some(data.obscure())),
        DuoStatus::Disabled(true) => (false, Some(DuoData::msg(DISABLED_MESSAGE_DEFAULT))),
        DuoStatus::Disabled(false) => (false, None),
    };

-    let json = if let Some(data) = data {
+    let duo_json = if let Some(data) = duo.as_ref() {
        json!({
            "enabled": enabled,
            "host": data.host,
            "clientSecret": data.sk,
            "clientId": data.ik,
-            "object": "twoFactorDuo"
        })
    } else {
        json!({
@@ -119,11 +67,13 @@ async fn get_duo(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn)
            "host": null,
            "clientSecret": null,
            "clientId": null,
-            "object": "twoFactorDuo"
        })
    };

-    Ok(Json(json))
+    Ok(Json(rocket::serde::json::json!({
+        "duo": duo_json,
+        "userVerificationToken": two_factor::duo_token(user.uuid, duo, enabled),
+    })))
 }

 #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -132,8 +82,7 @@ struct EnableDuoData {
    host: String,
    client_secret: String,
    client_id: String,
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 impl From<EnableDuoData> for DuoData {
@@ -160,12 +109,7 @@ async fn activate_duo(data: Json<EnableDuoData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn)
    let data: EnableDuoData = data.into_inner();
    let mut user = headers.user;

-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash.clone(),
-        otp: data.otp.clone(),
-    }
-    .validate(&user, true, &conn)
-    .await?;
+    two_factor::validate_duo(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, None, false)?;

    let (data, data_str) = if check_duo_fields_custom(&data) {
        let data_req: DuoData = data.into();
@@ -182,14 +126,15 @@ async fn activate_duo(data: Json<EnableDuoData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn)

    generate_recover_code(&mut user, &conn).await;

-    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;

    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": true,
-        "host": data.host,
-        "clientSecret": data.sk,
-        "clientId": data.ik,
-        "object": "twoFactorDuo"
+        "duo": json!({
+            "enabled": true,
+            "host": data.host,
+            "clientSecret": data.sk,
+            "clientId": data.ik,
+        }),
    })))
 }

@@ -198,6 +143,29 @@ async fn activate_duo_put(data: Json<EnableDuoData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbC
    activate_duo(data, headers, conn).await
 }

+#[delete("/two-factor/duo", data = "<data>")]
+async fn disable_duo(data: Json<VerificationTokenData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+    let user = headers.user;
+
+    if let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Duo, &conn).await {
+        // Apply the same transformation than in `get_duo` to check we are disabling the correct one
+        let duo = match to_user_duo_data(&twofactor) {
+            DuoStatus::Global(_) => Some(DuoData::secret()),
+            DuoStatus::User(data) => Some(data.obscure()),
+            DuoStatus::Disabled(_) => None,
+        };
+
+        two_factor::validate_duo(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, duo.as_ref(), true)?;
+
+        twofactor.delete(&conn).await?;
+        log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    }
+
+    super::check_2fa_state(&user, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 async fn duo_api_request(method: &str, path: &str, params: &str, data: &DuoData) -> EmptyResult {
    use reqwest::{Method, header};
    use std::str::FromStr;
@@ -222,21 +190,16 @@ async fn duo_api_request(method: &str, path: &str, params: &str, data: &DuoData)
    Ok(())
 }

-const DUO_EXPIRE: i64 = 300;
-const APP_EXPIRE: i64 = 3600;
-
-const AUTH_PREFIX: &str = "AUTH";
-const DUO_PREFIX: &str = "TX";
-const APP_PREFIX: &str = "APP";
-
 async fn get_user_duo_data(user_id: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> DuoStatus {
-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::Duo as i32;
-
    // If the user doesn't have an entry, disabled
-    let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, type_, conn).await else {
+    let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Duo, conn).await else {
        return DuoStatus::Disabled(DuoData::global().is_some());
    };

+    to_user_duo_data(&twofactor)
+}
+
+fn to_user_duo_data(twofactor: &TwoFactor) -> DuoStatus {
    // If the user has the required values, we use those
    if let Ok(data) = serde_json::from_str(&twofactor.data) {
        return DuoStatus::User(data);
@@ -251,118 +214,13 @@ async fn get_user_duo_data(user_id: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> DuoStatus {
    DuoStatus::Disabled(false)
 }

-// let (ik, sk, ak, host) = get_duo_keys();
-pub(crate) async fn get_duo_keys_email(email: &str, conn: &DbConn) -> ApiResult<(String, String, String, String)> {
+// let (ik, sk, host) = get_duo_keys_email();
+pub(crate) async fn get_duo_keys_email(email: &str, conn: &DbConn) -> ApiResult<(String, String, String)> {
    let data = match User::find_by_mail(email, conn).await {
        Some(u) => get_user_duo_data(&u.uuid, conn).await.data(),
        _ => DuoData::global(),
    }
    .map_res("Can't fetch Duo Keys")?;

-    Ok((data.ik, data.sk, CONFIG.get_duo_akey().await, data.host))
-}
-
-pub async fn generate_duo_signature(email: &str, conn: &DbConn) -> ApiResult<(String, String)> {
-    let now = Utc::now().timestamp();
-
-    let (ik, sk, ak, host) = get_duo_keys_email(email, conn).await?;
-
-    let duo_sign = sign_duo_values(&sk, email, &ik, DUO_PREFIX, now + DUO_EXPIRE);
-    let app_sign = sign_duo_values(&ak, email, &ik, APP_PREFIX, now + APP_EXPIRE);
-
-    Ok((format!("{duo_sign}:{app_sign}"), host))
-}
-
-fn sign_duo_values(key: &str, email: &str, ikey: &str, prefix: &str, expire: i64) -> String {
-    let val = format!("{email}|{ikey}|{expire}");
-    let cookie = format!("{prefix}|{}", BASE64.encode(val.as_bytes()));
-
-    format!("{cookie}|{}", crypto::hmac_sign(key, &cookie))
-}
-
-pub async fn validate_duo_login(email: &str, response: &str, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
-    let split: Vec<&str> = response.split(':').collect();
-    if split.len() != 2 {
-        err!(
-            "Invalid response length",
-            ErrorEvent {
-                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn2fa
-            }
-        );
-    }
-
-    let auth_sig = split[0];
-    let app_sig = split[1];
-
-    let now = Utc::now().timestamp();
-
-    let (ik, sk, ak, _host) = get_duo_keys_email(email, conn).await?;
-
-    let auth_user = parse_duo_values(&sk, auth_sig, &ik, AUTH_PREFIX, now)?;
-    let app_user = parse_duo_values(&ak, app_sig, &ik, APP_PREFIX, now)?;
-
-    if !crypto::ct_eq(&auth_user, app_user) || !crypto::ct_eq(&auth_user, email) {
-        err!(
-            "Error validating duo authentication",
-            ErrorEvent {
-                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn2fa
-            }
-        )
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn parse_duo_values(key: &str, val: &str, ikey: &str, prefix: &str, time: i64) -> ApiResult<String> {
-    let split: Vec<&str> = val.split('|').collect();
-    if split.len() != 3 {
-        err!("Invalid value length")
-    }
-
-    let u_prefix = split[0];
-    let u_b64 = split[1];
-    let u_sig = split[2];
-
-    let sig = crypto::hmac_sign(key, &format!("{u_prefix}|{u_b64}"));
-
-    if !crypto::ct_eq(crypto::hmac_sign(key, &sig), crypto::hmac_sign(key, u_sig)) {
-        err!("Duo signatures don't match")
-    }
-
-    if u_prefix != prefix {
-        err!("Prefixes don't match")
-    }
-
-    let Ok(cookie_vec) = BASE64.decode(u_b64.as_bytes()) else {
-        err!("Invalid Duo cookie encoding")
-    };
-
-    let Ok(cookie) = String::from_utf8(cookie_vec) else {
-        err!("Invalid Duo cookie encoding")
-    };
-
-    let cookie_split: Vec<&str> = cookie.split('|').collect();
-    if cookie_split.len() != 3 {
-        err!("Invalid cookie length")
-    }
-
-    let username = cookie_split[0];
-    let u_ikey = cookie_split[1];
-    let expire = cookie_split[2];
-
-    if !crypto::ct_eq(ikey, u_ikey) {
-        err!("Invalid ikey")
-    }
-
-    let expire: i64 = if let Ok(e) = expire.parse() {
-        e
-    } else {
-        err!("Invalid expire time")
-    };
-
-    if time >= expire {
-        err!("Expired authorization")
-    }
-
-    Ok(username.into())
+    Ok((data.ik, data.sk, data.host))
 }
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ pub async fn get_duo_auth_url(
    device_identifier: &DeviceId,
    conn: &DbConn,
 ) -> Result<String, Error> {
-    let (ik, sk, _, host) = get_duo_keys_email(email, conn).await?;
+    let (ik, sk, host) = get_duo_keys_email(email, conn).await?;

    let callback_url = match make_callback_url(client_id) {
        Ok(url) => url,
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ pub async fn validate_duo_login(
    let code = split[0];
    let state = split[1];

-    let (ik, sk, _, host) = get_duo_keys_email(email, conn).await?;
+    let (ik, sk, host) = get_duo_keys_email(email, conn).await?;

    // Get the context by the state reported by the client. If we don't have one,
    // it means the context is either missing or expired.
@@ -5,20 +5,26 @@ use crate::{
    CONFIG,
    api::{
        EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData,
-        core::{log_user_event, two_factor::generate_recover_code},
+        core::{
+            log_user_event,
+            two_factor::{VerificationTokenData, generate_recover_code},
+        },
    },
-    auth::{ClientHeaders, Headers},
+    auth::{ClientHeaders, Headers, two_factor},
    crypto,
    db::{
        DbConn,
-        models::{AuthRequest, AuthRequestId, DeviceId, EventType, TwoFactor, TwoFactorType, User, UserId},
+        models::{
+            AuthRequest, AuthRequestId, DeviceId, EventType, TwoFactor, TwoFactorIncomplete, TwoFactorType, User,
+            UserId,
+        },
    },
    error::{Error, MapResult},
    mail,
 };

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
-    routes![get_email, send_email_login, send_email, email,]
+    routes![get_email, send_email_login, send_email, email, disable_email]
 }

 #[derive(Deserialize)]
@@ -63,13 +69,19 @@ async fn send_email_login(data: Json<SendEmailLoginData>, client_headers: Client

    let user = if let Some(email) = email {
        let Some(user) = User::find_by_mail(email, &conn).await else {
-            err!("Username or password is incorrect. Try again.")
+            err!(
+                "Username or password is incorrect. Try again",
+                format!("IP: {}. Username: {}.", client_headers.ip.ip, email.escape_debug())
+            )
        };

        if let Some(master_password_hash) = master_password_hash {
            // Check password
            if !user.check_valid_password(master_password_hash) {
-                err!("Username or password is incorrect. Try again.")
+                err!(
+                    "Username or password is incorrect. Try again",
+                    format!("IP: {}. Username: {}.", client_headers.ip.ip, email.escape_debug())
+                )
            }
        } else if let Some(auth_request_id) = auth_request_id {
            let Some(auth_request) = AuthRequest::find_by_uuid(auth_request_id, &conn).await else {
@@ -85,6 +97,20 @@ async fn send_email_login(data: Json<SendEmailLoginData>, client_headers: Client
            {
                err!("AuthRequest doesn't exist", "Invalid device, IP or code")
            }
+        } else if let Some(device_identifier) = &data.device_identifier {
+            // iOS/Android SSO logins send the email and device id but no password hash,
+            // so accept a device that has a pending 2FA login for this user
+            if TwoFactorIncomplete::find_by_user_and_device(&user.uuid, device_identifier, &conn).await.is_none() {
+                err!(
+                    "Username or password is incorrect. Try again",
+                    format!("IP: {}. Username: {}.", client_headers.ip.ip, email.escape_debug())
+                )
+            }
+            debug!(
+                "Email 2FA fallback: pending login. Username: {}. Device: {}.",
+                user.email,
+                device_identifier.to_string().escape_debug()
+            );
        } else {
            err!("No password hash has been submitted.")
        }
@@ -96,7 +122,10 @@ async fn send_email_login(data: Json<SendEmailLoginData>, client_headers: Client
        };
        // SSO login only sends device id, so we get the user by the most recently used device
        let Some(user) = User::find_by_device_for_email2fa(device_identifier, &conn).await else {
-            err!("Username or password is incorrect. Try again.")
+            err!(
+                "Username or password is incorrect. Try again",
+                format!("IP: {}. Device: {}.", client_headers.ip.ip, device_identifier.to_string().escape_debug())
+            )
        };

        user
@@ -107,8 +136,8 @@ async fn send_email_login(data: Json<SendEmailLoginData>, client_headers: Client

 /// Generate the token, save the data for later verification and send email to user
 pub async fn send_token(user_id: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::Email as i32;
-    let mut twofactor = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, type_, conn).await.map_res("Two factor not found")?;
+    let mut twofactor =
+        TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Email, conn).await.map_res("Two factor not found")?;

    let generated_token = crypto::generate_email_token(CONFIG.email_token_size());

@@ -131,18 +160,19 @@ async fn get_email(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn
    data.validate(&user, false, &conn).await?;

    let (enabled, mfa_email) =
-        match TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Email as i32, &conn).await {
-            Some(x) => {
-                let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::from_json(&x.data)?;
-                (true, json!(twofactor_data.email))
-            }
-            _ => (false, serde_json::value::Value::Null),
+        if let Some(x) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Email, &conn).await {
+            let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::from_json(&x.data)?;
+            (true, Some(twofactor_data.email))
+        } else {
+            (false, None)
        };

-    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "email": mfa_email,
-        "enabled": enabled,
-        "object": "twoFactorEmail"
+    Ok(Json(rocket::serde::json::json!({
+        "email": rocket::serde::json::json!({
+            "enabled": enabled,
+            "email": mfa_email,
+        }),
+        "userVerificationToken": two_factor::email_token(user.uuid, mfa_email, enabled),
    })))
 }

@@ -151,43 +181,36 @@ async fn get_email(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn
 struct SendEmailData {
    /// Email where 2FA codes will be sent to, can be different than user email account.
    email: String,
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 /// Send a verification email to the specified email address to check whether it exists/belongs to user.
 #[post("/two-factor/send-email", data = "<data>")]
-async fn send_email(data: Json<SendEmailData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+async fn send_email(data: Json<SendEmailData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
    let data: SendEmailData = data.into_inner();
    let user = headers.user;

-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash,
-        otp: data.otp,
-    }
-    .validate(&user, false, &conn)
-    .await?;
+    two_factor::validate_email(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, data.email.clone(), false)?;

    if !CONFIG._enable_email_2fa() {
        err!("Email 2FA is disabled")
    }

-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::Email as i32;
-
-    if let Some(tf) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, type_, &conn).await {
+    if let Some(tf) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Email, &conn).await {
        tf.delete(&conn).await?;
    }

    let generated_token = crypto::generate_email_token(CONFIG.email_token_size());
-    let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::new(data.email, generated_token);
+    let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::new(data.email, Some(generated_token));

    // Uses EmailVerificationChallenge as type to show that it's not verified yet.
-    let twofactor = TwoFactor::new(user.uuid, TwoFactorType::EmailVerificationChallenge, twofactor_data.to_json());
+    let twofactor =
+        TwoFactor::new(user.uuid.clone(), TwoFactorType::EmailVerificationChallenge, twofactor_data.to_json());
    twofactor.save(&conn).await?;

    mail::send_token(&twofactor_data.email, &twofactor_data.last_token.map_res("Token is empty")?).await?;

-    Ok(())
+    Ok(Json(json!({})))
 }

 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)]
@@ -195,8 +218,7 @@ async fn send_email(data: Json<SendEmailData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -
 struct EmailData {
    email: String,
    token: String,
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 /// Verify email belongs to user and can be used for 2FA email codes.
@@ -205,17 +227,11 @@ async fn email(data: Json<EmailData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonRes
    let data: EmailData = data.into_inner();
    let mut user = headers.user;

-    // This is the last step in the verification process, delete the otp directly afterwards
-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash,
-        otp: data.otp,
-    }
-    .validate(&user, true, &conn)
-    .await?;
+    two_factor::validate_email(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, data.email, false)?;

-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::EmailVerificationChallenge as i32;
-    let mut twofactor =
-        TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, type_, &conn).await.map_res("Two factor not found")?;
+    let mut twofactor = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::EmailVerificationChallenge, &conn)
+        .await
+        .map_res("Two factor not found")?;

    let mut email_data = EmailTokenData::from_json(&twofactor.data)?;

@@ -234,13 +250,26 @@ async fn email(data: Json<EmailData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonRes

    generate_recover_code(&mut user, &conn).await;

-    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;

-    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "email": email_data.email,
-        "enabled": "true",
-        "object": "twoFactorEmail"
-    })))
+    Ok(Json(json!({})))
+}
+
+#[delete("/two-factor/email", data = "<data>")]
+async fn disable_email(data: Json<VerificationTokenData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+    let user = headers.user;
+
+    if let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Email, &conn).await {
+        let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::from_json(&twofactor.data)?;
+        two_factor::validate_email(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, twofactor_data.email, true)?;
+
+        twofactor.delete(&conn).await?;
+        log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    }
+
+    super::check_2fa_state(&user, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
 }

 /// Validate the email code when used as TwoFactor token mechanism
@@ -252,9 +281,8 @@ pub async fn validate_email_code_str(
    conn: &DbConn,
 ) -> EmptyResult {
    let mut email_data = EmailTokenData::from_json(data)?;
-    let mut twofactor = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Email as i32, conn)
-        .await
-        .map_res("Two factor not found")?;
+    let mut twofactor =
+        TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Email, conn).await.map_res("Two factor not found")?;
    let Some(issued_token) = &email_data.last_token else {
        err!(
            format!("No token available! IP: {ip}"),
@@ -313,10 +341,10 @@ pub struct EmailTokenData {
 }

 impl EmailTokenData {
-    pub fn new(email: String, token: String) -> EmailTokenData {
+    pub fn new(email: String, token: Option<String>) -> EmailTokenData {
        EmailTokenData {
            email,
-            last_token: Some(token),
+            last_token: token,
            token_sent: Utc::now().timestamp(),
            attempts: 0,
        }
@@ -354,7 +382,8 @@ pub async fn activate_email_2fa(user: &User, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
    if user.verified_at.is_none() {
        err!("Auto-enabling of email 2FA failed because the users email address has not been verified!");
    }
-    let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::new(user.email.clone(), String::new());
+    // The token is set when the first code is sent
+    let twofactor_data = EmailTokenData::new(user.email.clone(), None);
    let twofactor = TwoFactor::new(user.uuid.clone(), TwoFactorType::Email, twofactor_data.to_json());
    twofactor.save(conn).await
 }
@@ -7,21 +7,17 @@ use serde_json::Value;

 use crate::{
    CONFIG,
-    api::{
-        EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData,
-        core::{log_event, log_user_event},
-    },
+    api::{EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData, core::log_event},
    auth::Headers,
    crypto,
    db::{
        DbConn, DbPool,
        models::{
-            DeviceType, EventType, Membership, MembershipType, OrgPolicyType, Organization, OrganizationId, TwoFactor,
-            TwoFactorIncomplete, TwoFactorType, User, UserId,
+            Device, DeviceType, EventType, Membership, MembershipType, OrgPolicyType, Organization, OrganizationId,
+            TwoFactor, TwoFactorIncomplete, TwoFactorType, User, UserId,
        },
    },
    mail,
-    util::NumberOrString,
 };

 pub mod authenticator;
@@ -69,13 +65,7 @@ pub fn is_twofactor_provider_usable(provider_type: &TwoFactorType, provider_data
 }

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
-    let mut routes = routes![
-        get_twofactor,
-        get_recover,
-        disable_twofactor,
-        disable_twofactor_put,
-        get_device_verification_settings,
-    ];
+    let mut routes = routes![get_twofactor, get_recover, get_device_verification_settings];

    routes.append(&mut authenticator::routes());
    routes.append(&mut duo::routes());
@@ -87,6 +77,12 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
    routes
 }

+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+struct VerificationTokenData {
+    user_verification_token: String,
+}
+
 #[get("/two-factor")]
 async fn get_twofactor(headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> Json<Value> {
    let twofactors = TwoFactor::find_by_user(&headers.user.uuid, &conn).await;
@@ -126,49 +122,14 @@ async fn generate_recover_code(user: &mut User, conn: &DbConn) {
    }
 }

-#[derive(Deserialize)]
-#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-struct DisableTwoFactorData {
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
-    r#type: NumberOrString,
-}
-
-#[post("/two-factor/disable", data = "<data>")]
-async fn disable_twofactor(data: Json<DisableTwoFactorData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    let data: DisableTwoFactorData = data.into_inner();
-    let user = headers.user;
-
-    // Delete directly after a valid token has been provided
-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash,
-        otp: data.otp,
+/// Call after a 2FA provider, or one of its keys, was removed. No remembered device may keep skipping
+/// the providers that are left, and once every provider is gone the 2FA policy applies.
+pub async fn check_2fa_state(user: &User, device_type: i32, ip: &std::net::IpAddr, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+    Device::clear_twofactor_remember_by_user(&user.uuid, conn).await?;
+    if TwoFactor::find_by_user(&user.uuid, conn).await.is_empty() {
+        enforce_2fa_policy(user, &user.uuid, device_type, ip, conn).await?;
    }
-    .validate(&user, true, &conn)
-    .await?;
-
-    let type_ = data.r#type.into_i32()?;
-
-    if let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, type_, &conn).await {
-        twofactor.delete(&conn).await?;
-        log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn)
-            .await;
-    }
-
-    if TwoFactor::find_by_user(&user.uuid, &conn).await.is_empty() {
-        enforce_2fa_policy(&user, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await?;
-    }
-
-    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": false,
-        "type": type_,
-        "object": "twoFactorProvider"
-    })))
-}
-
-#[put("/two-factor/disable", data = "<data>")]
-async fn disable_twofactor_put(data: Json<DisableTwoFactorData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    disable_twofactor(data, headers, conn).await
+    Ok(())
 }

 pub async fn enforce_2fa_policy(
@@ -190,7 +151,7 @@ pub async fn enforce_2fa_policy(
            member.save(conn).await?;

            log_event(
-                EventType::OrganizationUserRevoked as i32,
+                EventType::OrganizationUserRevoked,
                &member.uuid,
                &member.org_uuid,
                act_user_id,
@@ -224,16 +185,8 @@ pub async fn enforce_2fa_policy_for_org(
            member.revoke();
            member.save(conn).await?;

-            log_event(
-                EventType::OrganizationUserRevoked as i32,
-                &member.uuid,
-                org_id,
-                act_user_id,
-                device_type,
-                ip,
-                conn,
-            )
-            .await;
+            log_event(EventType::OrganizationUserRevoked, &member.uuid, org_id, act_user_id, device_type, ip, conn)
+                .await;
        }
    }

@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ async fn request_otp(headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
    let user = headers.user;

    // Only one Protected Action per user is allowed to take place, delete the previous one
-    if let Some(pa) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::ProtectedActions as i32, &conn).await
-    {
+    if let Some(pa) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::ProtectedActions, &conn).await {
        let pa_data = ProtectedActionData::from_json(&pa.data)?;
        let elapsed = pa_data.time_since_sent().num_seconds();
        let delay = 30;
@@ -125,7 +124,7 @@ pub async fn validate_protected_action_otp(
    delete_if_valid: bool,
    conn: &DbConn,
 ) -> EmptyResult {
-    let mut pa = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::ProtectedActions as i32, conn)
+    let mut pa = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::ProtectedActions, conn)
        .await
        .map_res("Protected action token not found, try sending the code again or restart the process")?;
    let mut pa_data = ProtectedActionData::from_json(&pa.data)?;
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{str::FromStr, sync::LazyLock, time::Duration};
+use std::{collections::HashSet, str::FromStr, sync::LazyLock, time::Duration};

 use rocket::{Route, serde::json::Json};
 use serde_json::Value;
@@ -18,16 +18,18 @@ use crate::{
    CONFIG,
    api::{
        EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData,
-        core::{log_user_event, two_factor::generate_recover_code},
+        core::{
+            log_user_event,
+            two_factor::{VerificationTokenData, generate_recover_code},
+        },
    },
-    auth::Headers,
+    auth::{Headers, two_factor},
    crypto::ct_eq,
    db::{
        DbConn,
        models::{EventType, TwoFactor, TwoFactorType, UserId},
    },
    error::Error,
-    util::NumberOrString,
 };

 static WEBAUTHN: LazyLock<Webauthn> = LazyLock::new(|| {
@@ -45,7 +47,14 @@ static WEBAUTHN: LazyLock<Webauthn> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 });

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
-    routes![get_webauthn, generate_webauthn_challenge, activate_webauthn, activate_webauthn_put, delete_webauthn,]
+    routes![
+        get_webauthn,
+        generate_webauthn_challenge,
+        activate_webauthn,
+        activate_webauthn_put,
+        delete_webauthn,
+        delete_webauthns
+    ]
 }

 // Some old u2f structs still needed for migrating from u2f to WebAuthn
@@ -119,34 +128,36 @@ async fn get_webauthn(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbC
    data.validate(&user, false, &conn).await?;

    let (enabled, registrations) = get_webauthn_registrations(&user.uuid, &conn).await?;
+    let keys: Vec<i32> = registrations.iter().map(|r| r.id).collect();
    let registrations_json: Vec<Value> = registrations.iter().map(WebauthnRegistration::to_json).collect();

    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": enabled,
-        "keys": registrations_json,
-        "object": "twoFactorWebAuthn"
+        "webAuthn": json!({
+            "enabled": enabled,
+            "keys": registrations_json,
+        }),
+        "userVerificationToken": two_factor::webauthn_token(user.uuid, keys, enabled),
    })))
 }

 #[post("/two-factor/get-webauthn-challenge", data = "<data>")]
-async fn generate_webauthn_challenge(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    let data: PasswordOrOtpData = data.into_inner();
+async fn generate_webauthn_challenge(data: Json<VerificationTokenData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
    let user = headers.user;

-    data.validate(&user, false, &conn).await?;
-
-    let registrations = get_webauthn_registrations(&user.uuid, &conn)
-        .await?
-        .1
+    let (enabled, registrations) = get_webauthn_registrations(&user.uuid, &conn).await?;
+    let keys: Vec<i32> = registrations.iter().map(|r| r.id).collect();
+    let creds = registrations
        .into_iter()
        .map(|r| r.credential.cred_id().to_owned()) // We return the credentialIds to the clients to avoid double registering
        .collect();

+    two_factor::validate_webauthn(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &keys, enabled)?;
+
    let (mut challenge, state) = WEBAUTHN.start_passkey_registration(
        Uuid::from_str(&user.uuid).expect("Failed to parse UUID"), // Should never fail
        &user.email,
        user.display_name(),
-        Some(registrations),
+        Some(creds),
    )?;

    let mut state = serde_json::to_value(&state)?;
@@ -166,17 +177,19 @@ async fn generate_webauthn_challenge(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Hea
    let mut challenge_value = serde_json::to_value(challenge.public_key)?;
    challenge_value["status"] = "ok".into();
    challenge_value["errorMessage"] = "".into();
-    Ok(Json(challenge_value))
+
+    Ok(Json(json!({
+        "options": challenge_value
+    })))
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct EnableWebauthnData {
-    id: NumberOrString, // 1..5
+    id: i32,
    name: String,
    device_response: RegisterPublicKeyCredentialCopy,
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -257,16 +270,14 @@ async fn activate_webauthn(data: Json<EnableWebauthnData>, headers: Headers, con
    let data: EnableWebauthnData = data.into_inner();
    let mut user = headers.user;

-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash,
-        otp: data.otp,
-    }
-    .validate(&user, true, &conn)
-    .await?;
+    let mut registrations: Vec<_> = get_webauthn_registrations(&user.uuid, &conn).await?.1;
+    let keys: Vec<i32> = registrations.iter().map(|r| r.id).collect();
+    two_factor::validate_webauthn(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &keys, !keys.is_empty())?;

    // Retrieve and delete the saved challenge state
-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::WebauthnRegisterChallenge as i32;
-    let state = if let Some(tf) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, type_, &conn).await {
+    let state = if let Some(tf) =
+        TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::WebauthnRegisterChallenge, &conn).await
+    {
        let state: PasskeyRegistration = serde_json::from_str(&tf.data)?;
        tf.delete(&conn).await?;
        state
@@ -277,10 +288,9 @@ async fn activate_webauthn(data: Json<EnableWebauthnData>, headers: Headers, con
    // Verify the credentials with the saved state
    let credential = WEBAUTHN.finish_passkey_registration(&data.device_response.into(), &state)?;

-    let mut registrations: Vec<_> = get_webauthn_registrations(&user.uuid, &conn).await?.1;
    // TODO: Check for repeated ID's
    registrations.push(WebauthnRegistration {
-        id: data.id.into_i32()?,
+        id: data.id,
        name: data.name,
        migrated: false,

@@ -293,13 +303,13 @@ async fn activate_webauthn(data: Json<EnableWebauthnData>, headers: Headers, con
        .await?;
    generate_recover_code(&mut user, &conn).await;

-    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;

-    let keys_json: Vec<Value> = registrations.iter().map(WebauthnRegistration::to_json).collect();
    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": true,
-        "keys": keys_json,
-        "object": "twoFactorU2f"
+        "webAuthn": json!({
+            "enabled": true,
+            "keys": registrations.iter().map(WebauthnRegistration::to_json).collect::<Vec<Value>>(),
+        }),
    })))
 }

@@ -310,57 +320,87 @@ async fn activate_webauthn_put(data: Json<EnableWebauthnData>, headers: Headers,

 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
-struct DeleteU2FData {
-    id: NumberOrString,
-    master_password_hash: String,
+struct DeleteWebauthnData {
+    id: i32,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 #[delete("/two-factor/webauthn", data = "<data>")]
-async fn delete_webauthn(data: Json<DeleteU2FData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    let id = data.id.into_i32()?;
-    if !headers.user.check_valid_password(&data.master_password_hash) {
-        err!("Invalid password");
-    }
+async fn delete_webauthn(data: Json<DeleteWebauthnData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
+    inner_delete_webauthns(&data.user_verification_token, |key| key.id != data.id, headers, &conn).await
+}

-    let Some(mut tf) =
-        TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&headers.user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Webauthn as i32, &conn).await
-    else {
+#[delete("/two-factor/webauthn/all", data = "<data>")]
+async fn delete_webauthns(data: Json<VerificationTokenData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
+    inner_delete_webauthns(&data.user_verification_token, |_| false, headers, &conn).await
+}
+
+async fn inner_delete_webauthns(
+    token: &str,
+    retain: impl Fn(&WebauthnRegistration) -> bool,
+    headers: Headers,
+    conn: &DbConn,
+) -> JsonResult {
+    let user = headers.user;
+
+    let Some(mut tf) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::Webauthn, conn).await else {
        err!("Webauthn data not found!")
    };

-    let mut data: Vec<WebauthnRegistration> = serde_json::from_str(&tf.data)?;
+    let mut keys: Vec<WebauthnRegistration> = serde_json::from_str(&tf.data)?;
+    let keys_id: Vec<i32> = keys.iter().map(|r| r.id).collect();

-    let Some(item_pos) = data.iter().position(|r| r.id == id) else {
+    two_factor::validate_webauthn(token, &user.uuid, &keys_id, true)?;
+
+    let mut removed: HashSet<Vec<u8>> = HashSet::new();
+    let mut migrated = false;
+
+    keys.retain(|key| {
+        let retained = retain(key);
+        if !retained {
+            removed.insert(key.credential.cred_id().to_vec());
+            migrated = migrated || key.migrated;
+        }
+        retained
+    });
+
+    if removed.is_empty() {
        err!("Webauthn entry not found")
-    };
+    }

-    let removed_item = data.remove(item_pos);
-    tf.data = serde_json::to_string(&data)?;
-    tf.save(&conn).await?;
-    drop(tf);
+    if keys.is_empty() {
+        tf.delete(conn).await?;
+        log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, conn).await;
+    } else {
+        tf.data = serde_json::to_string(&keys)?;
+        tf.save(conn).await?;
+        drop(tf);
+    }

    // If entry is migrated from u2f, delete the u2f entry as well
-    if let Some(mut u2f) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&headers.user.uuid, TwoFactorType::U2f as i32, &conn).await
-    {
-        let mut data: Vec<U2FRegistration> = if let Ok(d) = serde_json::from_str(&u2f.data) {
-            d
-        } else {
+    if migrated && let Some(mut u2f) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::U2f, conn).await {
+        let Ok(mut data) = serde_json::from_str::<Vec<U2FRegistration>>(&u2f.data) else {
            err!("Error parsing U2F data")
        };

-        data.retain(|r| r.reg.key_handle != removed_item.credential.cred_id().as_slice());
-        let new_data_str = serde_json::to_string(&data)?;
+        data.retain(|old| !removed.contains(&old.reg.key_handle));

-        u2f.data = new_data_str;
-        u2f.save(&conn).await?;
+        if data.is_empty() {
+            u2f.delete(conn).await?;
+        } else {
+            let new_data_str = serde_json::to_string(&data)?;
+            u2f.data = new_data_str;
+            u2f.save(conn).await?;
+        }
    }

-    let keys_json: Vec<Value> = data.iter().map(WebauthnRegistration::to_json).collect();
+    super::check_2fa_state(&user, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, conn).await?;

    Ok(Json(json!({
-        "enabled": true,
-        "keys": keys_json,
-        "object": "twoFactorU2f"
+        "webAuthn": json!({
+            "enabled": !keys.is_empty(),
+            "keys": keys.iter().map(WebauthnRegistration::to_json).collect::<Vec<Value>>(),
+        }),
    })))
 }

@@ -368,8 +408,7 @@ pub async fn get_webauthn_registrations(
    user_id: &UserId,
    conn: &DbConn,
 ) -> Result<(bool, Vec<WebauthnRegistration>), Error> {
-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::Webauthn as i32;
-    match TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, type_, conn).await {
+    match TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::Webauthn, conn).await {
        Some(tf) => Ok((tf.enabled, serde_json::from_str(&tf.data)?)),
        None => Ok((false, Vec::new())), // If no data, return empty list
    }
@@ -416,8 +455,9 @@ pub async fn generate_webauthn_login(user_id: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> JsonRes
 }

 pub async fn validate_webauthn_login(user_id: &UserId, response: &str, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
-    let type_ = TwoFactorType::WebauthnLoginChallenge as i32;
-    let mut state = if let Some(tf) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, type_, conn).await {
+    let mut state = if let Some(tf) =
+        TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::WebauthnLoginChallenge, conn).await
+    {
        let state: PasskeyAuthentication = serde_json::from_str(&tf.data)?;
        tf.delete(conn).await?;
        state
@@ -10,9 +10,12 @@ use crate::{
    CONFIG,
    api::{
        EmptyResult, JsonResult, PasswordOrOtpData,
-        core::{log_user_event, two_factor::generate_recover_code},
+        core::{
+            log_user_event,
+            two_factor::{VerificationTokenData, generate_recover_code},
+        },
    },
-    auth::Headers,
+    auth::{Headers, two_factor},
    db::{
        DbConn,
        models::{EventType, TwoFactor, TwoFactorType},
@@ -22,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::{
 };

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
-    routes![generate_yubikey, activate_yubikey, activate_yubikey_put,]
+    routes![generate_yubikey, activate_yubikey, activate_yubikey_put, delete_yubikeys,]
 }

 struct HttpClientTransport {
@@ -60,8 +63,7 @@ struct EnableYubikeyData {
    key4: Option<String>,
    key5: Option<String>,
    nfc: bool,
-    master_password_hash: Option<String>,
-    otp: Option<String>,
+    user_verification_token: String,
 }

 #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug)]
@@ -125,48 +127,29 @@ async fn generate_yubikey(data: Json<PasswordOrOtpData>, headers: Headers, conn:
    data.validate(&user, false, &conn).await?;

    let user_id = &user.uuid;
-    let yubikey_type = TwoFactorType::YubiKey as i32;

-    let r = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, yubikey_type, &conn).await;
-
-    if let Some(r) = r {
-        let yubikey_metadata: YubikeyMetadata = serde_json::from_str(&r.data)?;
-
-        let mut result = jsonify_yubikeys(yubikey_metadata.keys);
-
-        result["enabled"] = Value::Bool(true);
-        result["nfc"] = Value::Bool(yubikey_metadata.nfc);
-        result["object"] = Value::String("twoFactorU2f".to_owned());
-
-        Ok(Json(result))
-    } else {
-        Ok(Json(json!({
-            "enabled": false,
-            "object": "twoFactorU2f",
-        })))
-    }
+    let (enabled, keys, yubikey_json) =
+        if let Some(r) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, TwoFactorType::YubiKey, &conn).await {
+            let yubikey_metadata: YubikeyMetadata = serde_json::from_str(&r.data)?;
+            let enabled = !yubikey_metadata.keys.is_empty();
+            let mut result = jsonify_yubikeys(yubikey_metadata.keys.clone());
+            result["enabled"] = Value::Bool(enabled);
+            result["nfc"] = Value::Bool(yubikey_metadata.nfc);
+            (enabled, yubikey_metadata.keys, result)
+        } else {
+            (false, Vec::new(), json!({"enabled": false}))
+        };
+    Ok(Json(json!({
+        "yubiKey": yubikey_json,
+        "userVerificationToken": two_factor::yubikey_token(user.uuid, keys, enabled),
+    })))
 }

 #[post("/two-factor/yubikey", data = "<data>")]
 async fn activate_yubikey(data: Json<EnableYubikeyData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
    let data: EnableYubikeyData = data.into_inner();
-    let mut user = headers.user;
-
-    PasswordOrOtpData {
-        master_password_hash: data.master_password_hash.clone(),
-        otp: data.otp.clone(),
-    }
-    .validate(&user, true, &conn)
-    .await?;
-
-    // Check if we already have some data
-    let mut yubikey_data =
-        match TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::YubiKey as i32, &conn).await {
-            Some(data) => data,
-            None => TwoFactor::new(user.uuid.clone(), TwoFactorType::YubiKey, String::new()),
-        };
-
    let yubikeys = parse_yubikeys(&data);
+    let mut user = headers.user;

    if yubikeys.is_empty() {
        // Return an error to prevent saving empty keys which would cause users not being able to login anymore.
@@ -174,6 +157,17 @@ async fn activate_yubikey(data: Json<EnableYubikeyData>, headers: Headers, conn:
        err!("A key is required.");
    }

+    // Check if we already have some data
+    let mut yubikey_data =
+        if let Some(yd) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::YubiKey, &conn).await {
+            let ym: YubikeyMetadata = serde_json::from_str(&yd.data)?;
+            two_factor::validate_yubikey(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &ym.keys, !ym.keys.is_empty())?;
+            yd
+        } else {
+            two_factor::validate_yubikey(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &Vec::new(), false)?;
+            TwoFactor::new(user.uuid.clone(), TwoFactorType::YubiKey, String::new())
+        };
+
    // Ensure they are valid OTPs
    for yubikey in &yubikeys {
        if yubikey.is_empty() || yubikey.len() == 12 {
@@ -195,15 +189,12 @@ async fn activate_yubikey(data: Json<EnableYubikeyData>, headers: Headers, conn:

    generate_recover_code(&mut user, &conn).await;

-    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa as i32, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    log_user_event(EventType::UserUpdated2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;

    let mut result = jsonify_yubikeys(yubikey_metadata.keys);
-
    result["enabled"] = Value::Bool(true);
    result["nfc"] = Value::Bool(yubikey_metadata.nfc);
-    result["object"] = Value::String("twoFactorU2f".to_owned());
-
-    Ok(Json(result))
+    Ok(Json(json!({"yubiKey": result})))
 }

 #[put("/two-factor/yubikey", data = "<data>")]
@@ -211,13 +202,32 @@ async fn activate_yubikey_put(data: Json<EnableYubikeyData>, headers: Headers, c
    activate_yubikey(data, headers, conn).await
 }

+#[delete("/two-factor/yubikey", data = "<data>")]
+async fn delete_yubikeys(data: Json<VerificationTokenData>, headers: Headers, conn: DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+    let user = headers.user;
+
+    if let Some(r) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(&user.uuid, TwoFactorType::YubiKey, &conn).await {
+        let yubikey_metadata: YubikeyMetadata = serde_json::from_str(&r.data)?;
+        two_factor::validate_yubikey(&data.user_verification_token, &user.uuid, &yubikey_metadata.keys, true)?;
+
+        r.delete(&conn).await?;
+        log_user_event(EventType::UserDisabled2fa, &user.uuid, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await;
+    }
+
+    super::check_2fa_state(&user, headers.device.atype, &headers.ip.ip, &conn).await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub async fn validate_yubikey_login(response: &str, twofactor_data: &str) -> EmptyResult {
    if response.len() != 44 {
        err!("Invalid Yubikey OTP length");
    }

    let yubikey_metadata: YubikeyMetadata = serde_json::from_str(twofactor_data).expect("Can't parse Yubikey Metadata");
-    let response_id = &response[..12];
+    let Some(response_id) = response.get(..12) else {
+        err!("Invalid Yubikey OTP");
+    };

    if !yubikey_metadata.keys.contains(&response_id.to_owned()) {
        err!("Given Yubikey is not registered");
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ static ICON_SIZE_REGEX: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new(r"(?x)(\d+
 #[get("/<host>/icon.png")]
 fn icon_external(host: &str) -> Cached<Option<Redirect>> {
    let Ok(host) = get_valid_host(host) else {
-        warn!("Invalid host: {host}");
+        warn!("Invalid host: {}", host.escape_debug());
        return Cached::ttl(None, CONFIG.icon_cache_negttl(), true);
    };

@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ async fn icon_internal(host: &str) -> Cached<(ContentType, Vec<u8>)> {
    const FALLBACK_ICON: &[u8] = include_bytes!("../static/images/fallback-icon.png");

    let Ok(host) = get_valid_host(host) else {
-        warn!("Invalid host: {host}");
+        warn!("Invalid host: {}", host.escape_debug());
        return Cached::ttl(
            (ContentType::new("image", "png"), FALLBACK_ICON.to_vec()),
            CONFIG.icon_cache_negttl(),
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use num_traits::FromPrimitive;
 use rocket::{
    Route,
    form::{Form, FromForm},
-    http::{Cookie, CookieJar, SameSite},
+    http::{Accept, Cookie, CookieJar, MediaType, SameSite},
    response::Redirect,
    serde::json::Json,
 };
@@ -17,15 +17,14 @@ use crate::{
            accounts::{PreloginData, RegisterData, kdf_upgrade, prelogin, register},
            log_user_event,
            two_factor::{
-                authenticator, duo, duo_oidc, email, enforce_2fa_policy, is_twofactor_provider_usable, webauthn,
-                yubikey,
+                authenticator, duo_oidc, email, enforce_2fa_policy, is_twofactor_provider_usable, webauthn, yubikey,
            },
        },
-        master_password_policy,
+        identity_master_password_policy,
        push::register_push_device,
    },
    auth,
-    auth::{AuthMethod, ClientHeaders, ClientIp, ClientVersion, Secure, generate_organization_api_key_login_claims},
+    auth::{AuthMethod, ClientHeaders, ClientIp, Secure, generate_organization_api_key_login_claims},
    crypto,
    db::{
        DbConn,
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
        login,
        post_prelogin,
        prelogin_password,
-        identity_register,
        register_verification_email,
        register_finish,
        prevalidate,
@@ -57,12 +55,7 @@ pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
 }

 #[post("/connect/token", data = "<data>")]
-async fn login(
-    data: Form<ConnectData>,
-    client_header: ClientHeaders,
-    client_version: Option<ClientVersion>,
-    conn: DbConn,
-) -> JsonResult {
+async fn login(data: Form<ConnectData>, client_header: ClientHeaders, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
    let data: ConnectData = data.into_inner();

    let mut user_id: Option<UserId> = None;
@@ -83,17 +76,13 @@ async fn login(
            check_is_some(data.device_name.as_ref(), "device_name cannot be blank")?;
            check_is_some(data.device_type.as_ref(), "device_type cannot be blank")?;

-            password_login(data, &mut user_id, &conn, &client_header.ip, client_version.as_ref()).await
+            password_login(data, &mut user_id, &conn, &client_header.ip).await
        }
        "client_credentials" => {
            check_is_some(data.client_id.as_ref(), "client_id cannot be blank")?;
            check_is_some(data.client_secret.as_ref(), "client_secret cannot be blank")?;
            check_is_some(data.scope.as_ref(), "scope cannot be blank")?;

-            check_is_some(data.device_identifier.as_ref(), "device_identifier cannot be blank")?;
-            check_is_some(data.device_name.as_ref(), "device_name cannot be blank")?;
-            check_is_some(data.device_type.as_ref(), "device_type cannot be blank")?;
-
            api_key_login(data, &mut user_id, &conn, &client_header.ip).await
        }
        "authorization_code" if CONFIG.sso_enabled() => {
@@ -105,7 +94,7 @@ async fn login(
            check_is_some(data.device_name.as_ref(), "device_name cannot be blank")?;
            check_is_some(data.device_type.as_ref(), "device_type cannot be blank")?;

-            sso_login(data, &mut user_id, &conn, &client_header.ip, client_version.as_ref()).await
+            sso_login(data, &mut user_id, &conn, &client_header.ip).await
        }
        "authorization_code" => err!("SSO sign-in is not available"),
        "send_access" => {
@@ -129,7 +118,7 @@ async fn login(
        match &login_result {
            Ok(_) => {
                log_user_event(
-                    EventType::UserLoggedIn as i32,
+                    EventType::UserLoggedIn,
                    &user_id,
                    client_header.device_type,
                    &client_header.ip.ip,
@@ -139,8 +128,7 @@ async fn login(
            }
            Err(e) => {
                if let Some(ev) = e.get_event() {
-                    log_user_event(ev.event as i32, &user_id, client_header.device_type, &client_header.ip.ip, &conn)
-                        .await;
+                    log_user_event(ev.event, &user_id, client_header.device_type, &client_header.ip.ip, &conn).await;
                }
            }
        }
@@ -190,13 +178,7 @@ async fn refresh_login(data: ConnectData, conn: &DbConn, ip: &ClientIp) -> JsonR
 }

 // After exchanging the code we need to check first if 2FA is needed before continuing
-async fn sso_login(
-    data: ConnectData,
-    user_id: &mut Option<UserId>,
-    conn: &DbConn,
-    ip: &ClientIp,
-    client_version: Option<&ClientVersion>,
-) -> JsonResult {
+async fn sso_login(data: ConnectData, user_id: &mut Option<UserId>, conn: &DbConn, ip: &ClientIp) -> JsonResult {
    AuthMethod::Sso.check_scope(data.scope.as_ref())?;

    // Ratelimit the login
@@ -234,6 +216,24 @@ async fn sso_login(
                    }
                )
            }
+            Some((user, None))
+                if user.private_key.is_none()
+                    && !CONFIG.sso_signups_allowed()
+                    && !CONFIG.is_email_domain_allowed(&user.email)
+                    && !CONFIG.mail_enabled()
+                    && Invitation::find_by_mail(&user.email, conn).await.is_none() =>
+            {
+                error!(
+                    "Login failure ({}), no invitation with email ({}) was found",
+                    user_infos.identifier, user.email
+                );
+                err_silent!(
+                    "Missing invitation",
+                    ErrorEvent {
+                        event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn
+                    }
+                )
+            }
            Some((user, None)) if user.private_key.is_some() && !CONFIG.sso_signups_match_email() => {
                error!(
                    "Login failure ({}), existing non SSO user ({}) with same email ({}) and association is disabled",
@@ -281,7 +281,15 @@ async fn sso_login(
    // Will trigger 2FA flow if needed
    let (user, mut device, twofactor_token, sso_user) = match user_with_sso {
        None => {
-            if !CONFIG.is_email_domain_allowed(&user_infos.email) {
+            if !CONFIG.is_sso_signup_allowed(&user_infos.email) {
+                if CONFIG.signups_domains_whitelist().is_empty() {
+                    err!(
+                        "Signups are disabled. You will need an invitation",
+                        ErrorEvent {
+                            event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn
+                        }
+                    );
+                }
                err!(
                    "Email domain not allowed",
                    ErrorEvent {
@@ -327,7 +335,7 @@ async fn sso_login(
        Some((mut user, sso_user)) => {
            let mut device = get_device(&data, conn, &user).await?;

-            let twofactor_token = twofactor_auth(&mut user, &data, &mut device, ip, client_version, conn).await?;
+            let twofactor_token = twofactor_auth(&mut user, &data, &mut device, ip, conn).await?;

            if user.private_key.is_none() {
                // User was invited a stub was created
@@ -359,13 +367,7 @@ async fn sso_login(
    authenticated_response(&user, &mut device, auth_tokens, twofactor_token, conn, ip).await
 }

-async fn password_login(
-    data: ConnectData,
-    user_id: &mut Option<UserId>,
-    conn: &DbConn,
-    ip: &ClientIp,
-    client_version: Option<&ClientVersion>,
-) -> JsonResult {
+async fn password_login(data: ConnectData, user_id: &mut Option<UserId>, conn: &DbConn, ip: &ClientIp) -> JsonResult {
    // Validate scope
    AuthMethod::Password.check_scope(data.scope.as_ref())?;

@@ -374,24 +376,14 @@ async fn password_login(

    // Get the user
    let username = data.username.as_ref().unwrap().trim();
+    let log_username = username.escape_debug();
    let Some(mut user) = User::find_by_mail(username, conn).await else {
-        err!("Username or password is incorrect. Try again", format!("IP: {}. Username: {username}.", ip.ip))
+        err!("Username or password is incorrect. Try again", format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip))
    };

    // Set the user_id here to be passed back used for event logging.
    *user_id = Some(user.uuid.clone());

-    // Check if the user is disabled
-    if !user.enabled {
-        err!(
-            "This user has been disabled",
-            format!("IP: {}. Username: {username}.", ip.ip),
-            ErrorEvent {
-                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn
-            }
-        )
-    }
-
    let password = data.password.as_ref().unwrap();

    // If we get an auth request, we don't check the user's password, but the access code of the auth request
@@ -399,7 +391,7 @@ async fn password_login(
        let Some(auth_request) = AuthRequest::find_by_uuid_and_user(auth_request_id, &user.uuid, conn).await else {
            err!(
                "Auth request not found. Try again.",
-                format!("IP: {}. Username: {username}.", ip.ip),
+                format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip),
                ErrorEvent {
                    event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn,
                }
@@ -411,13 +403,14 @@ async fn password_login(

        if auth_request.user_uuid != user.uuid
            || !auth_request.approved.unwrap_or(false)
+            || auth_request.authentication_date.is_some()
            || request_expired
            || ip.ip.to_string() != auth_request.request_ip
            || !auth_request.check_access_code(password)
        {
            err!(
                "Username or access code is incorrect. Try again",
-                format!("IP: {}. Username: {username}.", ip.ip),
+                format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip),
                ErrorEvent {
                    event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn,
                }
@@ -426,13 +419,24 @@ async fn password_login(
    } else if !user.check_valid_password(password) {
        err!(
            "Username or password is incorrect. Try again",
-            format!("IP: {}. Username: {username}.", ip.ip),
+            format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip),
            ErrorEvent {
                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn,
            }
        )
    }

+    // Check if the user is disabled
+    if !user.enabled {
+        err!(
+            "This user has been disabled",
+            format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip),
+            ErrorEvent {
+                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
    // Change the KDF Iterations (only when not logging in with an auth request)
    if data.auth_request.is_none() {
        kdf_upgrade(&mut user, password, conn).await?;
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@ async fn password_login(
        // We still want the login to fail until they actually verified the email address
        err!(
            "Please verify your email before trying again.",
-            format!("IP: {}. Username: {username}.", ip.ip),
+            format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip),
            ErrorEvent {
                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn
            }
@@ -474,7 +478,20 @@ async fn password_login(

    let mut device = get_device(&data, conn, &user).await?;

-    let twofactor_token = twofactor_auth(&mut user, &data, &mut device, ip, client_version, conn).await?;
+    let twofactor_token = twofactor_auth(&mut user, &data, &mut device, ip, conn).await?;
+
+    // Like upstream, an auth request can be used for one login only. Marked after 2FA so a 2FA prompt doesn't use it up.
+    if let Some(ref auth_request_id) = data.auth_request
+        && !AuthRequest::set_authentication_date(auth_request_id, conn).await?
+    {
+        err!(
+            "Username or access code is incorrect. Try again",
+            format!("IP: {}. Username: {log_username}.", ip.ip),
+            ErrorEvent {
+                event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn,
+            }
+        )
+    }

    let auth_tokens = auth::AuthTokens::new(&device, &user, AuthMethod::Password, data.client_id);

@@ -513,7 +530,7 @@ async fn authenticated_response(
    // Save to update `device.updated_at` to track usage and toggle new status
    device.save(true, conn).await?;

-    let master_password_policy = master_password_policy(user, conn).await;
+    let master_password_policy = identity_master_password_policy(user, conn).await;

    let has_master_password = !user.password_hash.is_empty();
    let master_password_unlock = if has_master_password {
@@ -534,18 +551,7 @@ async fn authenticated_response(
        Value::Null
    };

-    let account_keys = if user.private_key.is_some() {
-        json!({
-            "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair": {
-                "wrappedPrivateKey": user.private_key,
-                "publicKey": user.public_key,
-                "Object": "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair"
-            },
-            "Object": "privateKeys"
-        })
-    } else {
-        Value::Null
-    };
+    let account_keys = user.account_keys_json(conn).await;

    let mut result = json!({
        "access_token": auth_tokens.access_token(),
@@ -557,7 +563,6 @@ async fn authenticated_response(
        "KdfIterations": user.client_kdf_iter,
        "KdfMemory": user.client_kdf_memory,
        "KdfParallelism": user.client_kdf_parallelism,
-        "ResetMasterPassword": false, // TODO: Same as above
        "ForcePasswordReset": false,
        "MasterPasswordPolicy": master_password_policy,
        "scope": auth_tokens.scope(),
@@ -587,7 +592,14 @@ async fn api_key_login(data: ConnectData, user_id: &mut Option<UserId>, conn: &D

    // Validate scope
    match data.scope.as_ref() {
-        Some(scope) if scope == &AuthMethod::UserApiKey.scope() => user_api_key_login(data, user_id, conn, ip).await,
+        Some(scope) if scope == &AuthMethod::UserApiKey.scope() => {
+            // Like upstream, only the user API key logs in a device
+            check_is_some(data.device_identifier.as_ref(), "device_identifier cannot be blank")?;
+            check_is_some(data.device_name.as_ref(), "device_name cannot be blank")?;
+            check_is_some(data.device_type.as_ref(), "device_type cannot be blank")?;
+
+            user_api_key_login(data, user_id, conn, ip).await
+        }
        Some(scope) if scope == &AuthMethod::OrgApiKey.scope() => organization_api_key_login(data, conn, ip).await,
        _ => err!("Scope not supported"),
    }
@@ -685,18 +697,7 @@ async fn user_api_key_login(
        Value::Null
    };

-    let account_keys = if user.private_key.is_some() {
-        json!({
-            "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair": {
-                "wrappedPrivateKey": user.private_key,
-                "publicKey": user.public_key,
-                "Object": "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair"
-            },
-            "Object": "privateKeys"
-        })
-    } else {
-        Value::Null
-    };
+    let account_keys = user.account_keys_json(conn).await;

    // Note: No refresh_token is returned. The CLI just repeats the
    // client_credentials login flow when the existing token expires.
@@ -711,7 +712,6 @@ async fn user_api_key_login(
        "KdfIterations": user.client_kdf_iter,
        "KdfMemory": user.client_kdf_memory,
        "KdfParallelism": user.client_kdf_parallelism,
-        "ResetMasterPassword": false, // TODO: according to official server seems something like: user.password_hash.is_empty(), but would need testing
        "ForcePasswordReset": false,
        "scope": AuthMethod::UserApiKey.scope(),
        "AccountKeys": account_keys,
@@ -777,7 +777,6 @@ async fn twofactor_auth(
    data: &ConnectData,
    device: &mut Device,
    ip: &ClientIp,
-    client_version: Option<&ClientVersion>,
    conn: &DbConn,
 ) -> ApiResult<Option<String>> {
    let twofactors = TwoFactor::find_by_user(&user.uuid, conn).await;
@@ -806,17 +805,12 @@ async fn twofactor_auth(
    if ![TwoFactorType::Remember as i32, TwoFactorType::RecoveryCode as i32].contains(&selected_id)
        && !twofactor_ids.contains(&selected_id)
    {
-        err_json!(
-            json_err_twofactor(&twofactor_ids, &user.uuid, data, client_version, conn).await?,
-            "Invalid two factor provider"
-        )
+        err_json!(json_err_twofactor(&twofactor_ids, user, data, conn).await?, "Invalid two factor provider")
    }

-    let Some(ref twofactor_code) = data.two_factor_token else {
-        err_json!(
-            json_err_twofactor(&twofactor_ids, &user.uuid, data, client_version, conn).await?,
-            "2FA token not provided"
-        )
+    // Like upstream, a blank token counts as not provided
+    let Some(twofactor_code) = data.two_factor_token.as_deref().filter(|t| !t.trim().is_empty()) else {
+        err_json!(json_err_twofactor(&twofactor_ids, user, data, conn).await?, "2FA token not provided")
    };

    let selected_twofactor = twofactors.into_iter().find(|tf| tf.atype == selected_id && tf.enabled);
@@ -830,20 +824,14 @@ async fn twofactor_auth(
        Some(TwoFactorType::Webauthn) => webauthn::validate_webauthn_login(&user.uuid, twofactor_code, conn).await?,
        Some(TwoFactorType::YubiKey) => yubikey::validate_yubikey_login(twofactor_code, &selected_data?).await?,
        Some(TwoFactorType::Duo) => {
-            if CONFIG.duo_use_iframe() {
-                // Legacy iframe prompt flow
-                duo::validate_duo_login(&user.email, twofactor_code, conn).await?;
-            } else {
-                // OIDC based flow
-                duo_oidc::validate_duo_login(
-                    &user.email,
-                    twofactor_code,
-                    data.client_id.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                    data.device_identifier.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                    conn,
-                )
-                .await?;
-            }
+            duo_oidc::validate_duo_login(
+                &user.email,
+                twofactor_code,
+                data.client_id.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                data.device_identifier.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                conn,
+            )
+            .await?;
        }
        Some(TwoFactorType::Email) => {
            email::validate_email_code_str(&user.uuid, twofactor_code, &selected_data?, &ip.ip, conn).await?;
@@ -865,23 +853,42 @@ async fn twofactor_auth(
                        device.save(true, conn).await?;
                    }
                    err_json!(
-                        json_err_twofactor(&twofactor_ids, &user.uuid, data, client_version, conn).await?,
+                        json_err_twofactor(&twofactor_ids, user, data, conn).await?,
                        "2FA Remember token not provided or expired"
                    )
                }
            }
        }
        Some(TwoFactorType::RecoveryCode) => {
-            // Check if recovery code is correct
-            if !user.check_valid_recovery_code(twofactor_code) {
-                err!("Recovery code is incorrect. Try again.")
+            // Like upstream, spaces and case don't matter
+            let recovery_code = twofactor_code.replace(' ', "").trim().to_lowercase();
+            if !user.check_valid_recovery_code(&recovery_code) {
+                err!(
+                    "Two-step token is invalid. Try again.",
+                    ErrorEvent {
+                        event: EventType::UserFailedLogIn2fa
+                    }
+                )
            }

            // Remove all twofactors from the user
            TwoFactor::delete_all_by_user(&user.uuid, conn).await?;
+
+            // No device may keep skipping 2FA once every second factor is gone.
+            // `device` is cleared in memory too, since saving it later would restore its token.
+            Device::clear_twofactor_remember_by_user(&user.uuid, conn).await?;
+            device.delete_twofactor_remember();
+
            enforce_2fa_policy(user, &user.uuid, device.atype, &ip.ip, conn).await?;

-            log_user_event(EventType::UserRecovered2fa as i32, &user.uuid, device.atype, &ip.ip, conn).await;
+            log_user_event(EventType::UserRecovered2fa, &user.uuid, device.atype, &ip.ip, conn).await;
+
+            if CONFIG.mail_enabled()
+                && let Err(e) =
+                    mail::send_recover_twofactor(&user.email, &ip.ip.to_string(), &Utc::now().naive_utc()).await
+            {
+                error!("Error sending two-step login recovered email: {e:#?}");
+            }

            // Remove the recovery code, not needed without twofactors
            user.totp_recover = None;
@@ -910,21 +917,14 @@ fn selected_data(tf: Option<TwoFactor>) -> ApiResult<String> {
    tf.map(|t| t.data).map_res("Two factor doesn't exist")
 }

-async fn json_err_twofactor(
-    providers: &[i32],
-    user_id: &UserId,
-    data: &ConnectData,
-    client_version: Option<&ClientVersion>,
-    conn: &DbConn,
-) -> ApiResult<Value> {
+async fn json_err_twofactor(providers: &[i32], user: &User, data: &ConnectData, conn: &DbConn) -> ApiResult<Value> {
+    let user_id = &user.uuid;
    let mut result = json!({
        "error" : "invalid_grant",
        "error_description" : "Two factor required.",
        "TwoFactorProviders" : providers.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect::<Vec<String>>(),
        "TwoFactorProviders2" : {}, // { "0" : null }
-        "MasterPasswordPolicy": {
-            "Object": "masterPasswordPolicy"
-        }
+        "MasterPasswordPolicy": identity_master_password_policy(user, conn).await,
    });

    for provider in providers {
@@ -937,37 +937,21 @@ async fn json_err_twofactor(
            }

            Some(TwoFactorType::Duo) => {
-                let email = if let Some(u) = User::find_by_uuid(user_id, conn).await {
-                    u.email
-                } else {
-                    err!("User does not exist")
-                };
+                let auth_url = duo_oidc::get_duo_auth_url(
+                    &user.email,
+                    data.client_id.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                    data.device_identifier.as_ref().unwrap(),
+                    conn,
+                )
+                .await?;

-                if CONFIG.duo_use_iframe() {
-                    // Legacy iframe prompt flow
-                    let (signature, host) = duo::generate_duo_signature(&email, conn).await?;
-                    result["TwoFactorProviders2"][provider.to_string()] = json!({
-                        "Host": host,
-                        "Signature": signature,
-                    });
-                } else {
-                    // OIDC based flow
-                    let auth_url = duo_oidc::get_duo_auth_url(
-                        &email,
-                        data.client_id.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                        data.device_identifier.as_ref().unwrap(),
-                        conn,
-                    )
-                    .await?;
-
-                    result["TwoFactorProviders2"][provider.to_string()] = json!({
-                        "AuthUrl": auth_url,
-                    });
-                }
+                result["TwoFactorProviders2"][provider.to_string()] = json!({
+                    "AuthUrl": auth_url,
+                });
            }

            Some(tf_type @ TwoFactorType::YubiKey) => {
-                let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, tf_type as i32, conn).await else {
+                let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, tf_type, conn).await else {
                    err!("No YubiKey devices registered")
                };

@@ -979,23 +963,10 @@ async fn json_err_twofactor(
            }

            Some(tf_type @ TwoFactorType::Email) => {
-                let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, tf_type as i32, conn).await else {
+                let Some(twofactor) = TwoFactor::find_by_user_and_type(user_id, tf_type, conn).await else {
                    err!("No twofactor email registered")
                };

-                // Starting with version 2025.5.0 the client will call `/api/two-factor/send-email-login`.
-                let disabled_send = if let Some(cv) = client_version {
-                    let ver_match = semver::VersionReq::parse(">=2025.5.0").unwrap();
-                    ver_match.matches(&cv.0)
-                } else {
-                    false
-                };
-
-                // Send email immediately if email is the only 2FA option.
-                if providers.len() == 1 && !disabled_send {
-                    email::send_token(user_id, conn).await?;
-                }
-
                let email_data = email::EmailTokenData::from_json(&twofactor.data)?;
                result["TwoFactorProviders2"][provider.to_string()] = json!({
                    "Email": email::obscure_email(&email_data.email),
@@ -1024,18 +995,13 @@ async fn json_err_twofactor(
 }

 #[post("/accounts/prelogin", data = "<data>")]
-async fn post_prelogin(data: Json<PreloginData>, conn: DbConn) -> Json<Value> {
-    prelogin(data, conn).await
+async fn post_prelogin(data: Json<PreloginData>, ip: ClientIp, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
+    prelogin(data, ip, conn).await
 }

 #[post("/accounts/prelogin/password", data = "<data>")]
-async fn prelogin_password(data: Json<PreloginData>, conn: DbConn) -> Json<Value> {
-    prelogin(data, conn).await
-}
-
-#[post("/accounts/register", data = "<data>")]
-async fn identity_register(data: Json<RegisterData>, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    register(data, false, conn).await
+async fn prelogin_password(data: Json<PreloginData>, ip: ClientIp, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
+    prelogin(data, ip, conn).await
 }

 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -1051,11 +1017,18 @@ enum RegisterVerificationResponse {
    #[response(status = 204)]
    NoContent(()),
    Token(Json<String>),
+    PlainToken(String),
+}
+
+// Return JSON only when the client explicitly requests it, otherwise return plain text.
+fn accepts_json(accept: Option<&Accept>) -> bool {
+    accept.is_some_and(|accept| accept.preferred().media_type() == &MediaType::JSON)
 }

 #[post("/accounts/register/send-verification-email", data = "<data>")]
 async fn register_verification_email(
    data: Json<RegisterVerificationData>,
+    accept: Option<&Accept>,
    ip: ClientIp,
    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> ApiResult<RegisterVerificationResponse> {
@@ -1093,13 +1066,18 @@ async fn register_verification_email(
    } else {
        // If email verification is not required, return the token directly
        // the clients will use this token to finish the registration
-        Ok(RegisterVerificationResponse::Token(Json(token)))
+        Ok(if accepts_json(accept) {
+            RegisterVerificationResponse::Token(Json(token))
+        } else {
+            RegisterVerificationResponse::PlainToken(token)
+        })
    }
 }

 #[post("/accounts/register/finish", data = "<data>")]
-async fn register_finish(data: Json<RegisterData>, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
-    register(data, true, conn).await
+async fn register_finish(data: Json<RegisterData>, ip: ClientIp, conn: DbConn) -> JsonResult {
+    crate::ratelimit::check_limit_unauthenticated(&ip.ip)?;
+    register(data, conn).await
 }

 // https://github.com/bitwarden/jslib/blob/master/common/src/models/request/tokenRequest.ts
@@ -1229,7 +1207,7 @@ async fn oidcsignin_redirect(
    let state = sso::decode_state(&base64_state)?;

    let Some(mut sso_auth) = SsoAuth::find(&state, conn).await else {
-        err!(format!("Cannot retrieve sso_auth for {state}"))
+        err!(format!("Cannot retrieve sso_auth for {}", state.escape_debug()))
    };

    // Browser-binding check
@@ -1238,7 +1216,7 @@ async fn oidcsignin_redirect(
    let provided_hash = cookie_value.as_deref().map(|v| crypto::sha256_hex(v.as_bytes()));
    match (sso_auth.binding_hash.as_deref(), provided_hash.as_deref()) {
        (Some(expected), Some(actual)) if crypto::ct_eq(expected, actual) => {}
-        _ => err!(format!("SSO session binding mismatch for {state}")),
+        _ => err!(format!("SSO session binding mismatch for {}", state.escape_debug())),
    }
    cookies
        .remove(Cookie::build(SSO_BINDING_COOKIE).path(format!("{}/identity/connect/", CONFIG.domain_path())).build());
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ pub type JsonResult = ApiResult<Json<Value>>;
 pub type EmptyResult = ApiResult<()>;

 // Common structs representing JSON data received
-#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 struct PasswordOrOtpData {
    #[serde(alias = "MasterPasswordHash")]
@@ -124,3 +124,21 @@ async fn master_password_policy(user: &User, conn: &DbConn) -> Value {
    mpp_json["Object"] = json!("masterPasswordPolicy");
    mpp_json
 }
+
+// Identity responses use PascalCase keys like upstream, some clients (Android) only read those
+async fn identity_master_password_policy(user: &User, conn: &DbConn) -> Value {
+    match master_password_policy(user, conn).await {
+        Value::Object(policy) => Value::Object(
+            policy
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(mut key, value)| {
+                    if let Some(first) = key.get_mut(..1) {
+                        first.make_ascii_uppercase();
+                    }
+                    (key, value)
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        ),
+        policy => policy,
+    }
+}
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{
    net::IpAddr,
    sync::{Arc, LazyLock},
-    time::Duration,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
 };

 use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
@@ -41,6 +41,14 @@ pub static WS_ANONYMOUS_SUBSCRIPTIONS: LazyLock<Arc<AnonymousWebSocketSubscripti
 /// One connection is needed per pending login request, several at once are only expected behind NAT.
 const MAX_ANONYMOUS_CONNECTIONS_PER_IP: u32 = 25;

+/// How often a Ping is sent to the client.
+const WS_PING_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(15);
+
+/// Close the connection if nothing, not even a Pong, was received from the client for this long.
+/// Otherwise half-open connections (client gone without a FIN, e.g. behind a proxy or NAT) are kept forever.
+/// Same as the default `ClientTimeoutInterval` of ASP.NET Core SignalR, which the official server uses.
+const WS_CLIENT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(30);
+
 static NOTIFICATIONS_DISABLED: LazyLock<bool> = LazyLock::new(|| !CONFIG.enable_websocket() && !CONFIG.push_enabled());

 pub fn routes() -> Vec<Route> {
@@ -156,12 +164,16 @@ fn websockets_hub<'r>(
        rocket_ws::Stream! { ws => {
            let mut ws = ws;
            let _guard = guard;
-            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(15));
+            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(WS_PING_INTERVAL);
+            let mut last_received = Instant::now();
            loop {
                tokio::select! {
                    res = ws.next() =>  {
                        match res {
                            Some(Ok(message)) => {
+                                // Any message, including a Pong, means the client is still there
+                                last_received = Instant::now();
+
                                match message {
                                    // Respond to any pings
                                    Message::Ping(ping) => yield Message::Pong(ping),
@@ -195,7 +207,13 @@ fn websockets_hub<'r>(
                        }
                    }

-                    _ = interval.tick() => yield Message::Ping(create_ping())
+                    _ = interval.tick() => {
+                        // The client stopped responding without closing the connection, drop it
+                        if last_received.elapsed() > WS_CLIENT_TIMEOUT {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        yield Message::Ping(create_ping());
+                    }
                }
            }
        }}
@@ -229,12 +247,16 @@ fn anonymous_websockets_hub<'r>(ws: WebSocket, token: String, ip: ClientIp) -> R
        rocket_ws::Stream! { ws => {
            let mut ws = ws;
            let _guard = guard;
-            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(Duration::from_secs(15));
+            let mut interval = tokio::time::interval(WS_PING_INTERVAL);
+            let mut last_received = Instant::now();
            loop {
                tokio::select! {
                    res = ws.next() =>  {
                        match res {
                            Some(Ok(message)) => {
+                                // Any message, including a Pong, means the client is still there
+                                last_received = Instant::now();
+
                                match message {
                                    // Respond to any pings
                                    Message::Ping(ping) => yield Message::Pong(ping),
@@ -268,7 +290,13 @@ fn anonymous_websockets_hub<'r>(ws: WebSocket, token: String, ip: ClientIp) -> R
                        }
                    }

-                    _ = interval.tick() => yield Message::Ping(create_ping())
+                    _ = interval.tick() => {
+                        // The client stopped responding without closing the connection, drop it
+                        if last_received.elapsed() > WS_CLIENT_TIMEOUT {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        yield Message::Ping(create_ping());
+                    }
                }
            }
        }}
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ fn vaultwarden_css() -> EtagCached<Css<String>> {

    // Else, there is either no cache, or reload_templates is true and we need to rebuild the CSS
    let css_options = json!({
+        "email_change_allowed": CONFIG.email_change_allowed(),
        "emergency_access_allowed": CONFIG.emergency_access_allowed(),
        "load_user_scss": true,
        "mail_2fa_enabled": CONFIG._enable_email_2fa(),
@@ -301,9 +302,6 @@ pub fn static_files(filename: &str) -> Result<(ContentType, &'static [u8]), Erro
        "jdenticon-3.3.0.js" => Ok((ContentType::JavaScript, include_bytes!("../static/scripts/jdenticon-3.3.0.js"))),
        "datatables.js" => Ok((ContentType::JavaScript, include_bytes!("../static/scripts/datatables.js"))),
        "datatables.css" => Ok((ContentType::CSS, include_bytes!("../static/scripts/datatables.css"))),
-        "jquery-4.0.0.slim.js" => {
-            Ok((ContentType::JavaScript, include_bytes!("../static/scripts/jquery-4.0.0.slim.js")))
-        }
        _ => err!(format!("Static file not found: {filename}")),
    }
 }
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#[path = "auth/two_factor.rs"]
+pub mod two_factor;
+
 #[path = "auth/send.rs"]
 pub mod send;
 pub type SendTokens = send::SendTokens;
@@ -14,6 +17,7 @@ use ipnet::IpNet;
 use jsonwebtoken::{Algorithm, DecodingKey, EncodingKey, Header, errors::ErrorKind};
 use num_traits::FromPrimitive;
 use openssl::rsa::Rsa;
+use ring::hmac;
 use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, ser::Serialize};

 use rocket::{
@@ -23,14 +27,14 @@ use rocket::{

 use crate::{
    CONFIG,
-    api::ApiResult,
+    api::{ApiResult, core::log_event},
    config::PathType,
    db::{
        DbConn,
        models::{
            AttachmentId, CipherId, Collection, CollectionId, Device, DeviceId, DeviceType, EmergencyAccessId,
-            Membership, MembershipId, MembershipStatus, MembershipType, OrgApiKeyId, OrganizationId, SendFileId,
-            SendId, User, UserId, UserStampException,
+            EventType, Membership, MembershipId, MembershipStatus, MembershipType, OrgApiKeyId, OrganizationId,
+            SendFileId, SendId, User, UserId, UserStampException,
        },
    },
    error::Error,
@@ -65,6 +69,7 @@ static JWT_2FA_REMEMBER_ISSUER: LazyLock<String> = LazyLock::new(|| format!("{}|

 static PRIVATE_RSA_KEY: OnceLock<EncodingKey> = OnceLock::new();
 static PUBLIC_RSA_KEY: OnceLock<DecodingKey> = OnceLock::new();
+static PRELOGIN_KDF_KEY: OnceLock<hmac::Key> = OnceLock::new();

 pub async fn initialize_keys() -> Result<(), Error> {
    use std::io::Error as IoError;
@@ -99,9 +104,22 @@ pub async fn initialize_keys() -> Result<(), Error> {
    if PUBLIC_RSA_KEY.set(dec).is_err() {
        err!("PUBLIC_RSA_KEY must only be initialized once")
    }
+
+    // Derived from the RSA key, so it stays the same across restarts without storing another secret
+    let prelogin_kdf_key = hmac::sign(&hmac::Key::new(hmac::HMAC_SHA256, &priv_key_buffer), b"prelogin-kdf");
+    if PRELOGIN_KDF_KEY.set(hmac::Key::new(hmac::HMAC_SHA256, prelogin_kdf_key.as_ref())).is_err() {
+        err!("PRELOGIN_KDF_KEY must only be initialized once")
+    }
    Ok(())
 }

+/// Returns an index in `0..len` derived from the email, the same for every request
+pub fn prelogin_kdf_index(email: &str, len: usize) -> usize {
+    let tag = hmac::sign(PRELOGIN_KDF_KEY.wait(), email.as_bytes());
+    let tag = tag.as_ref();
+    usize::from(u16::from_be_bytes([tag[0], tag[1]])) % len
+}
+
 pub fn encode_jwt<T: Serialize>(claims: &T) -> String {
    match jsonwebtoken::encode(&JWT_HEADER, claims, PRIVATE_RSA_KEY.wait()) {
        Ok(token) => token,
@@ -253,7 +271,7 @@ impl LoginJwtClaims {
            premium: true,
            name: user.name.clone(),
            email: user.email.clone(),
-            email_verified: !CONFIG.mail_enabled() || user.verified_at.is_some(),
+            email_verified: user.verified(),

            // ---
            // Disabled these keys to be added to the JWT since they could cause the JWT to get too large
@@ -422,7 +440,7 @@ pub fn generate_file_download_claims(cipher_id: CipherId, file_id: AttachmentId)
    let time_now = Utc::now();
    FileDownloadClaims {
        nbf: time_now.timestamp(),
-        exp: (time_now + TimeDelta::try_minutes(5).unwrap()).timestamp(),
+        exp: (time_now + TimeDelta::try_minutes(1).unwrap()).timestamp(),
        iss: JWT_FILE_DOWNLOAD_ISSUER.to_string(),
        sub: cipher_id,
        file_id,
@@ -822,6 +840,12 @@ pub struct AdminHeaders {
    pub org_id: OrganizationId,
 }

+impl AdminHeaders {
+    pub async fn log_event(&self, event_type: EventType, source_uuid: &str, org_id: &OrganizationId, conn: &DbConn) {
+        log_event(event_type, source_uuid, org_id, &self.user.uuid, self.device.atype, &self.ip.ip, conn).await;
+    }
+}
+
 #[rocket::async_trait]
 impl<'r> FromRequest<'r> for AdminHeaders {
    type Error = &'static str;
@@ -1085,6 +1109,31 @@ fn ip_header_is_trusted(remote: Option<IpAddr>) -> bool {
    trusted.split(',').filter_map(parse_trusted_proxy).any(|net| net.contains(&remote))
 }

+/// Each proxy appends the address it received the request from to a list header (`X-Forwarded-For: client, proxy1`).
+/// Like ASP.NET's ForwardedHeaders, walk the entries of every occurrence of the header from the right and take the
+/// first one that isn't a trusted proxy. If they all are, the leftmost one is the client.
+fn client_ip_from_header(req: &Request<'_>, header: &str, is_trusted: impl Fn(IpAddr) -> bool) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    let values: Vec<&str> = req.headers().get(header).collect();
+    client_ip_from_header_values(&values, header, is_trusted)
+}
+
+fn client_ip_from_header_values(values: &[&str], header: &str, is_trusted: impl Fn(IpAddr) -> bool) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    let entries: Vec<&str> = values.iter().flat_map(|value| value.split(',')).map(str::trim).collect();
+
+    let mut client_ip = None;
+    for entry in entries.into_iter().rev() {
+        let Ok(ip) = entry.parse() else {
+            warn!("'{header}' header is malformed: {entry}");
+            break;
+        };
+        client_ip = Some(ip);
+        if !is_trusted(ip) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    client_ip
+}
+
 #[rocket::async_trait]
 impl<'r> FromRequest<'r> for ClientIp {
    type Error = ();
@@ -1093,15 +1142,7 @@ impl<'r> FromRequest<'r> for ClientIp {
        let remote = req.remote().map(|r| r.ip());

        let ip = if CONFIG._ip_header_enabled() && ip_header_is_trusted(remote) {
-            req.headers().get_one(&CONFIG.ip_header()).and_then(|ip| {
-                match ip.find(',') {
-                    Some(idx) => &ip[..idx],
-                    None => ip,
-                }
-                .parse()
-                .map_err(|_| warn!("'{}' header is malformed: {ip}", CONFIG.ip_header()))
-                .ok()
-            })
+            client_ip_from_header(req, &CONFIG.ip_header(), |ip| ip_header_is_trusted(Some(ip)))
        } else {
            if CONFIG._ip_header_enabled() && req.headers().get_one(&CONFIG.ip_header()).is_some() {
                // Log the canonical IP, which is what the user filter will need to match against
@@ -1220,7 +1261,7 @@ impl AuthMethod {
        match scope {
            None => err!("Missing scope"),
            Some(scope) if scope == &method_scope => Ok(method_scope),
-            Some(scope) => err!(format!("Scope ({scope}) not supported")),
+            Some(scope) => err!(format!("Scope ({}) not supported", scope.escape_debug())),
        }
    }
 }
@@ -1339,3 +1380,52 @@ pub async fn refresh_tokens(

    Ok((device, auth_tokens))
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    fn client_ip(values: &[&str]) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+        let is_trusted = |ip: IpAddr| match ip {
+            IpAddr::V4(v4) => v4.is_private() || v4.is_loopback(),
+            IpAddr::V6(v6) => v6.is_loopback(),
+        };
+        client_ip_from_header_values(values, "X-Forwarded-For", is_trusted)
+    }
+
+    fn ip(s: &str) -> Option<IpAddr> {
+        Some(s.parse().unwrap())
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ip_header_single_value() {
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["203.0.113.5"]), ip("203.0.113.5"));
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["10.0.0.7"]), ip("10.0.0.7"));
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["2001:db8::1"]), ip("2001:db8::1"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ip_header_uses_rightmost_untrusted_entry() {
+        // Entries already in the request come before the one the proxy appended
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["198.51.100.1, 203.0.113.5"]), ip("203.0.113.5"));
+        // Trusted proxies on the right are skipped
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["198.51.100.1, 203.0.113.5, 10.0.0.2, 127.0.0.1"]), ip("203.0.113.5"));
+        // All trusted, so the leftmost entry is the client
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["192.168.1.10, 10.0.0.2"]), ip("192.168.1.10"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ip_header_reads_every_occurrence() {
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["198.51.100.1", "203.0.113.5"]), ip("203.0.113.5"));
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["198.51.100.1", "203.0.113.5, 10.0.0.2"]), ip("203.0.113.5"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn ip_header_malformed_entries() {
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&[]), None);
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&[""]), None);
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["203.0.113.5, not-an-ip"]), None);
+        // Stops at the malformed entry and keeps the closest proxy
+        assert_eq!(client_ip(&["not-an-ip, 10.0.0.2"]), ip("10.0.0.2"));
+    }
+}
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ impl SendTokens {
            return Self::invalid_error(&format!("Can't convert {access_id}"), "send_id_invalid", false);
        };

-        let Some(mut send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&send_id, conn).await else {
+        let Some(send) = Send::find_by_uuid(&send_id, conn).await else {
            return Self::invalid_error(&format!("Can't find {send_id}"), "send_id_invalid", false);
        };

@@ -103,10 +103,6 @@ impl SendTokens {
            }
        }

-        if !send.register_access(conn).await? {
-            return Self::invalid_error(&format!("Send {send_id}, max access reached"), "send_id_invalid", true);
-        }
-
        Ok(Self {
            access_claims: generate_send_access_claims(&send_id),
        })
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+use chrono::{TimeDelta, Utc};
+use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, ser::Serialize};
+use std::sync::LazyLock;
+
+use crate::{
+    CONFIG,
+    api::{ApiResult, EmptyResult},
+    auth::{decode_jwt, encode_jwt},
+    db::models::UserId,
+};
+
+static JWT_2FA_AUTH_ISSUER: LazyLock<String> = LazyLock::new(|| format!("{}|api.2fa", CONFIG.domain_origin()));
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct TwoFactorClaims<T> {
+    // Not before
+    pub nbf: i64,
+    // Expiration time
+    pub exp: i64,
+    // Issuer
+    pub iss: String,
+    // Subject
+    pub sub: UserId,
+
+    pub enabled: bool,
+
+    pub claims: T,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct AuthenticatorClaims {
+    #[serde(rename = "authenticator_key")]
+    pub key: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct DuoClaims {
+    #[serde(rename = "duo_data")]
+    pub data: Option<DuoData>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct WebauthnClaims {
+    #[serde(rename = "webauthn_keys")]
+    pub keys: Vec<i32>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct YubikeyClaims {
+    #[serde(rename = "yubi_keys")]
+    pub keys: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
+pub struct DuoData {
+    pub host: String, // Duo API hostname
+    pub ik: String,   // client id
+    pub sk: String,   // client secret
+}
+
+impl DuoData {
+    pub fn global() -> Option<Self> {
+        match (CONFIG._enable_duo(), CONFIG.duo_host()) {
+            (true, Some(host)) => Some(Self {
+                host,
+                ik: CONFIG.duo_ikey().unwrap(),
+                sk: CONFIG.duo_skey().unwrap(),
+            }),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn msg(s: &str) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            host: s.into(),
+            ik: s.into(),
+            sk: s.into(),
+        }
+    }
+    pub fn secret() -> Self {
+        Self::msg("<global_secret>")
+    }
+    pub fn obscure(self) -> Self {
+        let mut host = self.host;
+        let mut ik = self.ik;
+        let mut sk = self.sk;
+
+        let digits = 4;
+        let replaced = "************";
+
+        host.replace_range(digits.., replaced);
+        ik.replace_range(digits.., replaced);
+        sk.replace_range(digits.., replaced);
+
+        Self {
+            host,
+            ik,
+            sk,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]
+pub struct EmailClaims {
+    pub email: Option<String>,
+}
+
+fn token<T: Serialize>(user_id: UserId, enabled: bool, claims: T) -> String {
+    let time_now = Utc::now();
+    let claims = TwoFactorClaims {
+        nbf: time_now.timestamp(),
+        exp: (time_now + TimeDelta::try_minutes(5).unwrap()).timestamp(),
+        iss: JWT_2FA_AUTH_ISSUER.to_string(),
+        sub: user_id,
+        enabled,
+        claims,
+    };
+    encode_jwt(&claims)
+}
+
+fn validate<T: DeserializeOwned>(token: &str, user_id: &UserId, enabled: bool) -> ApiResult<T> {
+    match decode_jwt::<TwoFactorClaims<T>>(token, JWT_2FA_AUTH_ISSUER.to_string()) {
+        Ok(claims) => {
+            if claims.sub != *user_id {
+                err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid user");
+            }
+            if claims.enabled != enabled {
+                err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid state");
+            }
+            Ok(claims.claims)
+        }
+        Err(err) => err!(format!("Failed to decode verification token: {err}")),
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn authenticator_token(user_id: UserId, key: String, enabled: bool) -> String {
+    token(
+        user_id,
+        enabled,
+        AuthenticatorClaims {
+            key,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn validate_authenticator(token: &str, user_id: &UserId, key: &str, enabled: bool) -> EmptyResult {
+    let claims = validate::<AuthenticatorClaims>(token, user_id, enabled)?;
+    if claims.key != key {
+        err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid key");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn duo_token(user_id: UserId, data: Option<DuoData>, enabled: bool) -> String {
+    token(
+        user_id,
+        enabled,
+        DuoClaims {
+            data,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+// When disabling we check that it's the correct data
+pub fn validate_duo(token: &str, user_id: &UserId, data: Option<&DuoData>, enabled: bool) -> EmptyResult {
+    let claims = validate::<DuoClaims>(token, user_id, enabled)?;
+    if enabled && claims.data.as_ref() != data {
+        err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid duo data");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn email_token(user_id: UserId, email: Option<String>, enabled: bool) -> String {
+    token(
+        user_id,
+        enabled,
+        EmailClaims {
+            email,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+// When disabling we check that it's the correct `email`
+pub fn validate_email(token: &str, user_id: &UserId, email: String, enabled: bool) -> EmptyResult {
+    let claims = validate::<EmailClaims>(token, user_id, enabled)?;
+    if enabled && claims.email != Some(email) {
+        err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid email");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn webauthn_token(user_id: UserId, keys: Vec<i32>, enabled: bool) -> String {
+    token(
+        user_id,
+        enabled,
+        WebauthnClaims {
+            keys,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn validate_webauthn(token: &str, user_id: &UserId, keys: &[i32], enabled: bool) -> EmptyResult {
+    let claims = validate::<WebauthnClaims>(token, user_id, enabled)?;
+    if keys != claims.keys {
+        err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid keys");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn yubikey_token(user_id: UserId, keys: Vec<String>, enabled: bool) -> String {
+    token(
+        user_id,
+        enabled,
+        YubikeyClaims {
+            keys,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn validate_yubikey(token: &str, user_id: &UserId, keys: &Vec<String>, enabled: bool) -> EmptyResult {
+    let claims = validate::<YubikeyClaims>(token, user_id, enabled)?;
+    if *keys != claims.keys {
+        err!("Invalid verification token: Invalid keys");
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use serde_json::{Value, from_value, to_value};
+
+    fn token<T: Serialize>(claims: T) -> Value {
+        to_value(TwoFactorClaims {
+            nbf: 0,
+            exp: 0,
+            iss: String::new(),
+            sub: UserId::from(String::from("4ff0f0a4-0aa4-4c1d-9d43-1f2bd4d5e8b1")),
+            enabled: false,
+            claims,
+        })
+        .unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn claims_only_parse_as_their_own_provider() {
+        let tokens = [
+            token(AuthenticatorClaims {
+                key: String::from("JBSWY3DPEHPK3PXP"),
+            }),
+            token(DuoClaims {
+                data: None,
+            }),
+            token(WebauthnClaims {
+                keys: vec![1],
+            }),
+            token(YubikeyClaims {
+                keys: Vec::new(),
+            }),
+            token(EmailClaims {
+                email: None,
+            }),
+        ];
+        for (issued, token) in tokens.iter().enumerate() {
+            let parsed = [
+                from_value::<TwoFactorClaims<AuthenticatorClaims>>(token.clone()).is_ok(),
+                from_value::<TwoFactorClaims<DuoClaims>>(token.clone()).is_ok(),
+                from_value::<TwoFactorClaims<WebauthnClaims>>(token.clone()).is_ok(),
+                from_value::<TwoFactorClaims<YubikeyClaims>>(token.clone()).is_ok(),
+                from_value::<TwoFactorClaims<EmailClaims>>(token.clone()).is_ok(),
+            ];
+            for (checked, ok) in parsed.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                assert_eq!(ok, issued == checked, "token {issued} parsed as {checked}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ make_config! {
        /// Auth Request cleanup schedule |> Cron schedule of the job that cleans old auth requests from the auth request.
        /// Defaults to every minute. Set blank to disable this job.
        auth_request_purge_schedule:   String, false,  def,    "30 * * * * *".to_owned();
-        /// Duo Auth context cleanup schedule |> Cron schedule of the job that cleans expired Duo contexts from the database. Does nothing if Duo MFA is disabled or set to use the legacy iframe prompt.
+        /// Duo Auth context cleanup schedule |> Cron schedule of the job that cleans expired Duo contexts from the database. Does nothing if Duo MFA is disabled.
        /// Defaults to once every minute. Set blank to disable this job.
        duo_context_purge_schedule:   String, false,  def,    "30 * * * * *".to_owned();
        /// Purge incomplete SSO auth. |> Cron schedule of the job that cleans leftover auth in db due to incomplete SSO login.
@@ -675,7 +675,8 @@ make_config! {
        /// other address use the remote IP instead, so a client can't spoof the header.
        /// Either the string "local" (the default, any non-global address, which covers a reverse proxy
        /// running on the same host or container network), the string "all" to accept it from anywhere,
-        /// or a comma separated list of IPs and CIDR ranges.
+        /// or a comma separated list of IPs and CIDR ranges. For a list header like X-Forwarded-For, the
+        /// client IP is the rightmost address that isn't a trusted proxy, so list every proxy in the chain.
        ip_header_trusted_proxies: String, true, def,    "local".to_owned();
        /// Icon service |> The predefined icon services are: internal, bitwarden, duckduckgo, google.
        /// To specify a custom icon service, set a URL template with exactly one instance of `{}`,
@@ -817,6 +818,8 @@ make_config! {
        sso_enabled:                    bool,   true,   def,    false;
        /// Only SSO login |> Disable Email+Master Password login
        sso_only:                       bool,   true,   def,    false;
+        /// Allow SSO flow to create account |> You probably want to disable it when using a public provider
+        sso_signups_allowed:            bool,   true,   def,    true;
        /// Allow email association |> Associate existing non-SSO user based on email
        sso_signups_match_email:        bool,   true,   def,    true;
        /// Allow unknown email verification status |> Allowing this with `SSO_SIGNUPS_MATCH_EMAIL=true` open potential account takeover.
@@ -863,16 +866,12 @@ make_config! {
    duo: _enable_duo {
        /// Enabled
        _enable_duo:            bool,   true,   def,     true;
-        /// Attempt to use deprecated iframe-based Traditional Prompt (Duo WebSDK 2)
-        duo_use_iframe:         bool,   false,  def,     false;
        /// Client Id
        duo_ikey:               String, true,   option;
        /// Client Secret
        duo_skey:               Pass,   true,   option;
        /// Host
        duo_host:               String, true,   option;
-        /// Application Key (generated automatically)
-        _duo_akey:              Pass,   false,  option;
    },

    /// SMTP Email Settings
@@ -1267,10 +1266,18 @@ fn validate_config(cfg: &ConfigItems, on_update: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
        err!("`AUTH_REQUEST_PURGE_SCHEDULE` is not a valid cron expression")
    }

+    if !cfg.duo_context_purge_schedule.is_empty() && cfg.duo_context_purge_schedule.parse::<Schedule>().is_err() {
+        err!("`DUO_CONTEXT_PURGE_SCHEDULE` is not a valid cron expression")
+    }
+
+    if !cfg.purge_incomplete_sso_auth.is_empty() && cfg.purge_incomplete_sso_auth.parse::<Schedule>().is_err() {
+        err!("`PURGE_INCOMPLETE_SSO_AUTH` is not a valid cron expression")
+    }
+
    if !cfg.disable_admin_token {
        match cfg.admin_token.as_ref() {
            Some(t) if t.starts_with("$argon2") => {
-                if let Err(e) = argon2::password_hash::PasswordHash::new(t) {
+                if let Err(e) = argon2::password_hash::phc::PasswordHash::new(t) {
                    err!(format!("The configured Argon2 PHC in `ADMIN_TOKEN` is invalid: '{e}'"))
                }
            }
@@ -1416,28 +1423,26 @@ pub enum PathType {
 // Android (v2026.2.1): https://github.com/bitwarden/android/blob/6902c19c0093fa476bbf74ccaa70c9f14afbb82f/core/src/main/kotlin/com/bitwarden/core/data/manager/model/FlagKey.kt#L31
 // iOS (v2026.2.1): https://github.com/bitwarden/ios/blob/cdd9ba1770ca2ffc098d02d12cc3208e3a830454/BitwardenShared/Core/Platform/Models/Enum/FeatureFlag.swift#L7
 pub const SUPPORTED_FEATURE_FLAGS: &[&str] = &[
-    // Architecture
-    "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-1",
-    "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-2",
-    "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-3",
-    "desktop-ui-migration-milestone-4",
    // Auth Team
    "pm-5594-safari-account-switching",
+    "pm-32413-multi-client-password-management",
    // Autofill Team
-    "ssh-agent",
+    "undetermined-cipher-scenario-logic",
+    "enable-basic-auth-response",
    "ssh-agent-v2",
+    "windows-desktop-autotype",
+    "windows-desktop-autotype-ga",
    // Key Management Team
-    "ssh-key-vault-item",
-    "pm-25373-windows-biometrics-v2",
-    "pm-26340-linux-biometrics-v2",
+    "biometrics-sdk-ipc",
+    "windows-native-credential-sync",
+    "enable-account-encryption-v2-jit-password-registration",
+    "pm-27278-v2-password-registration",
    // Mobile Team
-    "anon-addy-self-host-alias",
-    "simple-login-self-host-alias",
-    "mutual-tls",
-    "cxp-import-mobile",
-    "cxp-export-mobile",
+    "pm-34171-card-scanner",
    // Platform Team
    "pm-30529-webauthn-related-origins",
+    // Vault Team
+    "pm-32009-new-item-types",
 ];

 impl Config {
@@ -1509,15 +1514,6 @@ impl Config {
        Ok(())
    }

-    async fn update_config_partial(&self, other: ConfigBuilder) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let builder = {
-            let usr = &self.inner.read().unwrap()._usr;
-            let mut overrides = Vec::new();
-            usr.merge(&other, false, &mut overrides)
-        };
-        self.update_config(builder, false).await
-    }
-
    /// Tests whether an email's domain is allowed. A domain is allowed if it
    /// is in signups_domains_whitelist, or if no whitelist is set (so there
    /// are no domain restrictions in effect).
@@ -1544,6 +1540,17 @@ impl Config {
        }
    }

+    /// Tests whether SSO signup is allowed for an email address, taking into
+    /// account the sso_signups_allowed and signups_domains_whitelist settings.
+    pub fn is_sso_signup_allowed(&self, email: &str) -> bool {
+        if self.signups_domains_whitelist().is_empty() {
+            self.sso_signups_allowed()
+        } else {
+            // The whitelist setting overrides the signups_allowed setting.
+            self.is_email_domain_allowed(email)
+        }
+    }
+
    // The registration link should be hidden if
    //  - Signup is not allowed and email whitelist is empty unless mail is disabled and invitations are allowed
    //  - The SSO is activated and password login is disabled.
@@ -1602,23 +1609,6 @@ impl Config {
        inner._enable_smtp && (inner.smtp_host.is_some() || inner.use_sendmail)
    }

-    pub async fn get_duo_akey(&self) -> String {
-        if let Some(akey) = self._duo_akey() {
-            akey
-        } else {
-            let akey_s = crate::crypto::encode_random_bytes::<64>(&data_encoding::BASE64);
-
-            // Save the new value
-            let builder = ConfigBuilder {
-                _duo_akey: Some(akey_s.clone()),
-                ..Default::default()
-            };
-            self.update_config_partial(builder).await.ok();
-
-            akey_s
-        }
-    }
-
    pub fn is_webauthn_2fa_supported(&self) -> bool {
        Url::parse(&self.domain()).expect("DOMAIN not a valid URL").domain().is_some()
    }
@@ -1731,7 +1721,7 @@ where
    reg!("email/email_footer");
    reg!("email/email_footer_text");

-    reg!("email/admin_reset_password", ".html");
+    reg!("email/admin_account_recovery", ".html");
    reg!("email/change_email_existing", ".html");
    reg!("email/change_email_invited", ".html");
    reg!("email/change_email", ".html");
@@ -1750,6 +1740,7 @@ where
    reg!("email/protected_action", ".html");
    reg!("email/pw_hint_none", ".html");
    reg!("email/pw_hint_some", ".html");
+    reg!("email/recover_twofactor", ".html");
    reg!("email/register_verify_email", ".html");
    reg!("email/send_2fa_removed_from_org", ".html");
    reg!("email/send_emergency_access_invite", ".html");
@@ -41,17 +41,20 @@ impl Archive {
    ) -> EmptyResult {
        User::update_uuid_revision(user_uuid, conn).await;
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                diesel::replace_into(archives::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(archives::table)
                    .values((
                        archives::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid),
                        archives::cipher_uuid.eq(cipher_uuid),
                        archives::archived_at.eq(archived_at),
                    ))
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(archives::archived_at.eq(archived_at))
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error saving archive")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(archives::table)
                    .values((
                        archives::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid),
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl Attachment {
            let token = encode_jwt(&generate_file_download_claims(self.cipher_uuid.clone(), self.id.clone()));
            Ok(format!("{host}/attachments/{}/{}?token={token}", self.cipher_uuid, self.id))
        } else {
-            Ok(operator.presign_read(&self.get_file_path(), Duration::from_mins(5)).await?.uri().to_string())
+            Ok(operator.presign_read(&self.get_file_path(), Duration::from_mins(1)).await?.uri().to_string())
        }
    }

@@ -82,24 +82,16 @@ impl Attachment {
 impl Attachment {
    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(attachments::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(attachments::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(attachments::table)
-                            .filter(attachments::id.eq(&self.id))
-                            .set(self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving attachment")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving attachment")
+                    .map_res("Error saving attachment")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(attachments::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict(attachments::id)
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use diesel::prelude::*;
 use serde_json::Value;

 use crate::{
-    api::EmptyResult,
+    api::{ApiResult, EmptyResult},
    crypto::ct_eq,
    db::{DbConn, schema::auth_requests},
    error::MapResult,
@@ -82,31 +82,23 @@ impl AuthRequest {
 }

 impl AuthRequest {
-    pub async fn save(&mut self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(auth_requests::table)
-                    .values(&*self)
-                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(auth_requests::table)
-                            .filter(auth_requests::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(&*self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error auth_request")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error auth_request")
-            }
-            postgresql {
+            mysql {
                diesel::insert_into(auth_requests::table)
-                    .values(&*self)
+                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error saving auth_request")
+            }
+            postgresql, sqlite {
+                diesel::insert_into(auth_requests::table)
+                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict(auth_requests::uuid)
                    .do_update()
-                    .set(&*self)
+                    .set(self)
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error saving auth_request")
            }
@@ -174,6 +166,21 @@ impl AuthRequest {
        .await
    }

+    /// Marks the request as used to log in. Returns false when it already was, so it only works once.
+    pub async fn set_authentication_date(uuid: &AuthRequestId, conn: &DbConn) -> ApiResult<bool> {
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+        conn.run(move |conn| {
+            diesel::update(auth_requests::table)
+                .filter(auth_requests::uuid.eq(uuid))
+                .filter(auth_requests::authentication_date.is_null())
+                .set(auth_requests::authentication_date.eq(now))
+                .execute(conn)
+                .map(|updated| updated == 1)
+                .map_res("Error updating auth request")
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+
    pub fn check_access_code(&self, access_code: &str) -> bool {
        ct_eq(&self.access_code, access_code)
    }
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
        },
    },
    error::MapResult,
-    util::LowerCase,
+    util::{LowerCase, convert_json_key_lcase_first},
 };
 use macros::UuidFromParam;

@@ -63,6 +63,18 @@ pub struct Cipher {
    pub reprompt: Option<i32>,
 }

+/// Whether `data` is a v2 cipher blob, recognized like upstream by a top-level `format_version` key.
+///
+/// Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Core/Vault/Entities/Cipher.cs#L36-L41>
+pub fn is_data_blob_encrypted(data: &str) -> bool {
+    serde_json::from_str::<Value>(data).is_ok_and(|d| is_blob_value(&d))
+}
+
+/// [`is_data_blob_encrypted`] for `data` that was already parsed.
+fn is_blob_value(data: &Value) -> bool {
+    data.get("format_version").is_some()
+}
+
 pub enum RepromptType {
    None = 0,
    Password = 1,
@@ -70,7 +82,8 @@ pub enum RepromptType {

 /// Local methods
 impl Cipher {
-    pub fn new(atype: i32, name: String) -> Self {
+    /// The name is set when the data is saved, since a blob-encrypted cipher has it inside `data`
+    pub fn new(atype: i32) -> Self {
        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();

        Self {
@@ -84,7 +97,7 @@ impl Cipher {
            key: None,

            atype,
-            name,
+            name: String::new(),

            notes: None,
            fields: None,
@@ -110,6 +123,11 @@ impl Cipher {
                    .insert(format!("Ciphers[{index}].Notes"), serde_json::to_value([&max_note_size_msg]).unwrap());
            }

+            if let Err(e) = cipher.validate_content(cipher.is_blob()) {
+                validation_errors
+                    .insert(format!("Ciphers[{index}].{}", e.field), serde_json::to_value([e.message]).unwrap());
+            }
+
            // Validate the password history if it contains `null` values and if so, return a warning
            if let Some(Value::Array(password_history)) = &cipher.password_history {
                for pwh in password_history {
@@ -154,6 +172,10 @@ impl Cipher {
    ) -> Result<Value, crate::Error> {
        use crate::util::{format_date, validate_and_format_date};

+        // Parsed once, since `data` can be large and this runs for every cipher in a sync
+        let type_data = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&self.data);
+        let is_blob_encrypted = type_data.as_ref().is_ok_and(is_blob_value);
+
        let mut attachments_json: Value = Value::Null;
        if let Some(cipher_sync_data) = cipher_sync_data {
            if let Some(attachments) = cipher_sync_data.cipher_attachments.get(&self.uuid)
@@ -250,63 +272,9 @@ impl Cipher {
            })
            .unwrap_or_default();

-        // Get the type_data or a default to an empty json object '{}'.
-        // If not passing an empty object, mobile clients will crash.
-        let mut type_data_json = serde_json::from_str::<LowerCase<Value>>(&self.data)
-            .inspect_err(|_| warn!("Error parsing data field for {}", self.uuid))
-            .map_or_else(|_| Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new()), |d| d.data);
-
-        // NOTE: This was marked as *Backwards Compatibility Code*, but as of January 2021 this is still being used by upstream
-        // Set the first element of the Uris array as Uri, this is needed several (mobile) clients.
-        if self.atype == 1 {
-            // Upstream always has an `uri` key/value
-            type_data_json["uri"] = Value::Null;
-            if let Some(uris) = type_data_json["uris"].as_array_mut()
-                && !uris.is_empty()
-            {
-                // Fix uri match values first, they are only allowed to be a number or null
-                // If it is a string, convert it to an int or null if that fails
-                for uri in &mut *uris {
-                    if uri["match"].is_string() {
-                        let match_value = match uri["match"].as_str().unwrap_or_default().parse::<u8>() {
-                            Ok(n) => json!(n),
-                            _ => Value::Null,
-                        };
-                        uri["match"] = match_value;
-                    }
-                }
-                type_data_json["uri"] = uris[0]["uri"].clone();
-            }
-
-            // Check if `passwordRevisionDate` is a valid date, else convert it
-            if let Some(pw_revision) = type_data_json["passwordRevisionDate"].as_str() {
-                type_data_json["passwordRevisionDate"] = json!(validate_and_format_date(pw_revision));
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Fix secure note issues when data is invalid
-        // This breaks at least the native mobile clients
-        if self.atype == 2 {
-            match type_data_json {
-                Value::Object(ref t) if t.get("type").is_some_and(Value::is_number) => {}
-                _ => {
-                    type_data_json = json!({"type": 0});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Fix invalid SSH Entries
-        // This breaks at least the native mobile client if invalid
-        // The only way to fix this is by setting type_data_json to `null`
-        // Opening this ssh-key in the mobile client will probably crash the client, but you can edit, save and afterwards delete it
-        if self.atype == 5
-            && (type_data_json["keyFingerprint"].as_str().is_none_or(str::is_empty)
-                || type_data_json["privateKey"].as_str().is_none_or(str::is_empty)
-                || type_data_json["publicKey"].as_str().is_none_or(str::is_empty))
-        {
-            warn!("Error parsing ssh-key, mandatory fields are invalid for {}", self.uuid);
-            type_data_json = Value::Null;
-        }
+        // Like upstream, fields and password history stored as NULL are sent as null, not `[]`
+        let fields_json = self.fields.is_some().then_some(fields_json);
+        let password_history_json = self.password_history.is_some().then_some(password_history_json);

        let collection_ids = if let Some(cipher_sync_data) = cipher_sync_data {
            if let Some(cipher_collections) = cipher_sync_data.cipher_collections.get(&self.uuid) {
@@ -403,10 +371,84 @@ impl Cipher {
            _ => err!(format!("Cipher {} has an invalid type {}", self.uuid, self.atype)),
        };

-        json_object[key] = type_data_json;
+        if is_blob_encrypted {
+            // Like upstream, sent as-is with the structured fields null
+            json_object["data"] = json!(self.data);
+            json_object["name"] = Value::Null;
+        } else {
+            json_object[key] = self.legacy_type_data_json(type_data);
+        }
        Ok(json_object)
    }

+    /// The per-type data of a legacy cipher, with fixups for values known to break clients.
+    fn legacy_type_data_json(&self, type_data: Result<Value, serde_json::Error>) -> Value {
+        use crate::util::validate_and_format_date;
+
+        // Get the type_data or a default to an empty json object '{}'.
+        // If not passing an empty object, mobile clients will crash.
+        let mut type_data_json = if let Ok(data @ Value::Object(_)) = type_data {
+            convert_json_key_lcase_first(data)
+        } else {
+            warn!("Error parsing data field for {}", self.uuid);
+            Value::Object(serde_json::Map::new())
+        };
+
+        // NOTE: This was marked as *Backwards Compatibility Code*, but as of January 2021 this is still being used by upstream
+        // Set the first element of the Uris array as Uri, this is needed several (mobile) clients.
+        if self.atype == 1 {
+            // Upstream always has an `uri` key/value
+            type_data_json["uri"] = Value::Null;
+            if let Some(uris) = type_data_json["uris"].as_array_mut()
+                && !uris.is_empty()
+            {
+                // Fix uri match values first, they are only allowed to be a number or null
+                // If it is a string, convert it to an int or null if that fails
+                for uri in &mut *uris {
+                    if uri["match"].is_string() {
+                        let match_value = match uri["match"].as_str().unwrap_or_default().parse::<u8>() {
+                            Ok(n) => json!(n),
+                            _ => Value::Null,
+                        };
+                        uri["match"] = match_value;
+                    }
+                }
+                type_data_json["uri"] = uris[0]["uri"].clone();
+            }
+
+            // Check if `passwordRevisionDate` is a valid date, else convert it
+            if let Some(pw_revision) = type_data_json["passwordRevisionDate"].as_str() {
+                type_data_json["passwordRevisionDate"] = json!(validate_and_format_date(pw_revision));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Fix secure note issues when data is invalid
+        // This breaks at least the native mobile clients
+        if self.atype == 2 {
+            match type_data_json {
+                Value::Object(ref t) if t.get("type").is_some_and(Value::is_number) => {}
+                _ => {
+                    type_data_json = json!({"type": 0});
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Fix invalid SSH Entries
+        // This breaks at least the native mobile client if invalid
+        // The only way to fix this is by setting type_data_json to `null`
+        // Opening this ssh-key in the mobile client will probably crash the client, but you can edit, save and afterwards delete it
+        if self.atype == 5
+            && (type_data_json["keyFingerprint"].as_str().is_none_or(str::is_empty)
+                || type_data_json["privateKey"].as_str().is_none_or(str::is_empty)
+                || type_data_json["publicKey"].as_str().is_none_or(str::is_empty))
+        {
+            warn!("Error parsing ssh-key, mandatory fields are invalid for {}", self.uuid);
+            type_data_json = Value::Null;
+        }
+
+        type_data_json
+    }
+
    pub async fn update_users_revision(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<UserId> {
        let mut user_uuids = Vec::new();
        match self.user_uuid {
@@ -440,24 +482,16 @@ impl Cipher {
        self.updated_at = Utc::now().naive_utc();

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(ciphers::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(ciphers::table)
                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(ciphers::table)
-                            .filter(ciphers::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(&*self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving cipher")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving cipher")
+                    .map_res("Error saving cipher")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(ciphers::table)
                    .values(&*self)
                    .on_conflict(ciphers::uuid)
@@ -665,16 +699,27 @@ impl Cipher {
    }

    async fn get_user_collections_access_flags(&self, user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<(bool, bool, bool)> {
+        let user_uuid = user_uuid.to_string();
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            // Check whether this cipher is in any collections accessible to the
            // user. If so, retrieve the access flags for each collection.
+            // The user must have a confirmed membership in the cipher's
+            // organization, since users_collections rows are kept when a
+            // membership is revoked or not confirmed yet.
            ciphers::table
                .filter(ciphers::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
                .inner_join(ciphers_collections::table.on(ciphers::uuid.eq(ciphers_collections::cipher_uuid)))
+                .inner_join(
+                    users_organizations::table.on(ciphers::organization_uuid
+                        .eq(users_organizations::org_uuid.nullable())
+                        .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                        .and(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))),
+                )
                .inner_join(
                    users_collections::table.on(ciphers_collections::collection_uuid
                        .eq(users_collections::collection_uuid)
-                        .and(users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))),
+                        // Only allow collection access via the confirmed membership.
+                        .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(users_collections::user_uuid))),
                )
                .select((users_collections::read_only, users_collections::hide_passwords, users_collections::manage))
                .load::<(bool, bool, bool)>(conn)
@@ -705,6 +750,10 @@ impl Cipher {
                        .and(groups::organizations_uuid.eq(users_organizations::org_uuid))),
                )
                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                // Only allow group access via a confirmed membership, since
+                // groups_users rows are kept when a membership is revoked.
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
+                .filter(ciphers::organization_uuid.eq(users_organizations::org_uuid.nullable()))
                .select((collections_groups::read_only, collections_groups::hide_passwords, collections_groups::manage))
                .load::<(bool, bool, bool)>(conn)
                .expect("Error getting group access restrictions")
@@ -997,6 +1046,7 @@ impl Cipher {
                            .eq(ciphers_collections::collection_uuid)
                            .and(collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(groups::uuid))),
                    )
+                    .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                    .filter(
                        users_organizations::access_all
                            .eq(true) // User has access all
@@ -1028,6 +1078,7 @@ impl Cipher {
                            .eq(ciphers_collections::collection_uuid)
                            .and(users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid.clone()))),
                    )
+                    .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                    .filter(
                        users_organizations::access_all
                            .eq(true) // User has access all
@@ -1072,6 +1123,7 @@ impl Cipher {
                            .eq(ciphers_collections::collection_uuid)
                            .and(collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(groups::uuid))),
                    )
+                    .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                    .filter(
                        users_organizations::access_all
                            .eq(true) // User has access all
@@ -1104,6 +1156,7 @@ impl Cipher {
                            .eq(ciphers_collections::collection_uuid)
                            .and(users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid.clone()))),
                    )
+                    .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                    .filter(
                        users_organizations::access_all
                            .eq(true) // User has access all
@@ -1155,6 +1208,7 @@ impl Cipher {
                .or_filter(users_organizations::atype.le(MembershipType::Admin as i32)) // User is admin or owner
                .or_filter(groups::access_all.eq(true)) //Access via group
                .or_filter(collections_groups::collections_uuid.is_not_null()) //Access via group
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .select(ciphers_collections::all_columns)
                .distinct()
                .load::<(CipherId, CollectionId)>(conn)
@@ -168,24 +168,16 @@ impl Collection {
        self.update_users_revision(conn).await;

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(collections::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(collections::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(collections::table)
-                            .filter(collections::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving collection")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving collection")
+                    .map_res("Error saving collection")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(collections::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict(collections::uuid)
@@ -375,6 +367,7 @@ impl Collection {
                            .and(collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(collections::uuid))),
                    )
                    .filter(collections::uuid.eq(uuid))
+                    .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                    .filter(
                        users_collections::collection_uuid
                            .eq(uuid)
@@ -414,6 +407,7 @@ impl Collection {
                            .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))),
                    )
                    .filter(collections::uuid.eq(uuid))
+                    .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                    .filter(users_collections::collection_uuid.eq(uuid).or(
                        // Directly accessed collection
                        users_organizations::access_all.eq(true).or(
@@ -438,7 +432,8 @@ impl Collection {
                    .inner_join(
                        users_organizations::table.on(collections::org_uuid
                            .eq(users_organizations::org_uuid)
-                            .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid.clone()))),
+                            .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid.clone()))
+                            .and(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))),
                    )
                    .left_join(
                        users_collections::table.on(users_collections::collection_uuid
@@ -484,7 +479,8 @@ impl Collection {
                    .inner_join(
                        users_organizations::table.on(collections::org_uuid
                            .eq(users_organizations::org_uuid)
-                            .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid.clone()))),
+                            .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid.clone()))
+                            .and(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))),
                    )
                    .left_join(
                        users_collections::table.on(users_collections::collection_uuid
@@ -535,6 +531,7 @@ impl Collection {
                        .and(collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(collections::uuid))),
                )
                .filter(collections::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .filter(
                    users_collections::collection_uuid
                        .eq(&self.uuid)
@@ -594,6 +591,7 @@ impl Collection {
                        .and(collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(collections::uuid))),
                )
                .filter(collections::uuid.eq(&uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .filter(
                    users_collections::collection_uuid
                        .eq(&uuid)
@@ -658,6 +656,7 @@ impl Collection {
                        .and(collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(collections::uuid))),
                )
                .filter(collections::org_uuid.eq(&org_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .filter(
                    // Manage permission on a collection assigned directly or via a group.
                    users_collections::manage.eq(true).or(collections_groups::manage.eq(true)),
@@ -728,53 +727,30 @@ impl CollectionUser {
    ) -> EmptyResult {
        User::update_uuid_revision(user_uuid, conn).await;

+        let values = (
+            users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid),
+            users_collections::collection_uuid.eq(collection_uuid),
+            users_collections::read_only.eq(read_only),
+            users_collections::hide_passwords.eq(hide_passwords),
+            users_collections::manage.eq(manage),
+        );
+
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(users_collections::table)
-                    .values((
-                        users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid),
-                        users_collections::collection_uuid.eq(collection_uuid),
-                        users_collections::read_only.eq(read_only),
-                        users_collections::hide_passwords.eq(hide_passwords),
-                        users_collections::manage.eq(manage),
-                    ))
-                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(users_collections::table)
-                            .filter(users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
-                            .filter(users_collections::collection_uuid.eq(collection_uuid))
-                            .set((
-                                users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid),
-                                users_collections::collection_uuid.eq(collection_uuid),
-                                users_collections::read_only.eq(read_only),
-                                users_collections::hide_passwords.eq(hide_passwords),
-                                users_collections::manage.eq(manage),
-                            ))
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error adding user to collection")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error adding user to collection")
-            }
-            postgresql {
+            mysql {
                diesel::insert_into(users_collections::table)
-                    .values((
-                        users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid),
-                        users_collections::collection_uuid.eq(collection_uuid),
-                        users_collections::read_only.eq(read_only),
-                        users_collections::hide_passwords.eq(hide_passwords),
-                        users_collections::manage.eq(manage),
-                    ))
+                    .values(values)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(values)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error adding user to collection")
+            }
+            postgresql, sqlite {
+                diesel::insert_into(users_collections::table)
+                    .values(values)
                    .on_conflict((users_collections::user_uuid, users_collections::collection_uuid))
                    .do_update()
-                    .set((
-                        users_collections::read_only.eq(read_only),
-                        users_collections::hide_passwords.eq(hide_passwords),
-                        users_collections::manage.eq(manage),
-                    ))
+                    .set(values)
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error adding user to collection")
            }
@@ -850,10 +826,18 @@ impl CollectionUser {
        .await
    }

+    // Only returns the collections of organizations the user is a confirmed member of
    pub async fn find_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            users_collections::table
+                .inner_join(collections::table.on(collections::uuid.eq(users_collections::collection_uuid)))
+                .inner_join(
+                    users_organizations::table.on(users_organizations::org_uuid
+                        .eq(collections::org_uuid)
+                        .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(users_collections::user_uuid))),
+                )
                .filter(users_collections::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .select(users_collections::all_columns)
                .load::<Self>(conn)
                .expect("Error loading users_collections")
@@ -909,19 +893,18 @@ impl CollectionCipher {
        Self::update_users_revision(collection_uuid, conn).await;

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                // Not checking for ForeignKey Constraints here.
-                // Table ciphers_collections does not have ForeignKey Constraints which would cause conflicts.
-                // This table has no constraints pointing to itself, but only to others.
-                diesel::replace_into(ciphers_collections::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(ciphers_collections::table)
                    .values((
                        ciphers_collections::cipher_uuid.eq(cipher_uuid),
                        ciphers_collections::collection_uuid.eq(collection_uuid),
                    ))
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_nothing()
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error adding cipher to collection")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(ciphers_collections::table)
                    .values((
                        ciphers_collections::cipher_uuid.eq(cipher_uuid),
@@ -146,15 +146,18 @@ impl Device {
        }

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
+            mysql {
                crate::util::retry(||
-                    diesel::replace_into(devices::table)
+                    diesel::insert_into(devices::table)
                        .values(&*self)
+                        .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                        .do_update()
+                        .set(&*self)
                        .execute(conn),
                    10,
                ).map_res("Error saving device")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                crate::util::retry(||
                    diesel::insert_into(devices::table)
                        .values(&*self)
@@ -266,10 +269,22 @@ impl Device {
        let devices = Self::find_by_user(user_uuid, conn).await;
        for mut device in devices {
            device.refresh_token = Device::generate_refresh_token();
+            device.twofactor_remember = None;
            device.save(false, conn).await?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
+
+    pub async fn clear_twofactor_remember_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+        conn.run(move |conn| {
+            diesel::update(devices::table)
+                .filter(devices::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .set(devices::twofactor_remember.eq::<Option<String>>(None))
+                .execute(conn)
+                .map_res("Error removing two factor remember tokens")
+        })
+        .await
+    }
 }

 #[derive(Display)]
@@ -146,24 +146,16 @@ impl EmergencyAccess {
        self.updated_at = Utc::now().naive_utc();

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(emergency_access::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(emergency_access::table)
                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(emergency_access::table)
-                            .filter(emergency_access::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(&*self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error updating emergency access")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving emergency access")
+                    .map_res("Error saving emergency access")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(emergency_access::table)
                    .values(&*self)
                    .on_conflict(emergency_access::uuid)
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ pub struct Event {
    pub provider_org_uuid: Option<String>,
 }

-// Upstream enum: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Core/AdminConsole/Enums/EventType.cs
+// Upstream enum: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/v2026.6.2/src/Core/Dirt/Enums/EventType.cs
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum EventType {
    // User
@@ -108,6 +108,12 @@ pub enum EventType {
    OrganizationUserRejectedAuthRequest = 1514,
    OrganizationUserDeleted = 1515, // Both user and organization user data were deleted
    OrganizationUserLeft = 1516,    // User voluntarily left the organization
+    // OrganizationUserAutomaticallyConfirmed = 1517,
+    // OrganizationUserSelfRevoked = 1518, // User self-revoked due to declining organization data ownership policy
+    OrganizationUserAdminResetTwoFactor = 1519,
+    // OrganizationUserRevoked_TwoFactorNonCompliance = 1520,
+    // OrganizationUserRevoked_SingleOrganizationNonCompliance = 1521,
+    OrganizationUserNotificationBannerActionClicked = 1522,

    // Organization
    OrganizationUpdated = 1600,
@@ -202,20 +208,23 @@ impl Event {
    /// Basic Queries
    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                diesel::replace_into(event::table)
-                .values(self)
-                .execute(conn)
-                .map_res("Error saving event")
-            }
-            postgresql {
+            mysql {
                diesel::insert_into(event::table)
-                .values(self)
-                .on_conflict(event::uuid)
-                .do_update()
-                .set(self)
-                .execute(conn)
-                .map_res("Error saving event")
+                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error saving event")
+            }
+            postgresql, sqlite {
+                diesel::insert_into(event::table)
+                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(event::uuid)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error saving event")
            }
        }
    }
@@ -77,24 +77,16 @@ impl Folder {
        self.updated_at = Utc::now().naive_utc();

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(folders::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(folders::table)
                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(folders::table)
-                            .filter(folders::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(&*self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving folder")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving folder")
+                    .map_res("Error saving folder")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(folders::table)
                    .values(&*self)
                    .on_conflict(folders::uuid)
@@ -147,16 +139,15 @@ impl Folder {
 impl FolderCipher {
    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                // Not checking for ForeignKey Constraints here.
-                // Table folders_ciphers does not have ForeignKey Constraints which would cause conflicts.
-                // This table has no constraints pointing to itself, but only to others.
-                diesel::replace_into(folders_ciphers::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(folders_ciphers::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_nothing()
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error adding cipher to folder")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(folders_ciphers::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict((folders_ciphers::cipher_uuid, folders_ciphers::folder_uuid))
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::{
 };
 use macros::UuidFromParam;

-use super::{CollectionId, Membership, MembershipId, OrganizationId, User, UserId};
+use super::{CollectionId, Membership, MembershipId, MembershipStatus, OrganizationId, User, UserId};

 #[derive(Identifiable, Queryable, Insertable, AsChangeset)]
 #[diesel(table_name = groups)]
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ impl Group {
            "id": self.uuid,
            "organizationId": self.organizations_uuid,
            "name": self.name,
-            "accessAll": self.access_all,
            "externalId": self.external_id,
            "collections": collections_groups,
            "object": "groupDetails"
@@ -166,24 +165,16 @@ impl Group {
        self.revision_date = Utc::now().naive_utc();

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(groups::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(groups::table)
                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(groups::table)
-                            .filter(groups::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(&*self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving group")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving group")
+                    .map_res("Error saving group")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(groups::table)
                    .values(&*self)
                    .on_conflict(groups::uuid)
@@ -257,6 +248,7 @@ impl Group {
                        .and(groups::organizations_uuid.eq(users_organizations::org_uuid))),
                )
                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .filter(groups::access_all.eq(true))
                .select(groups::organizations_uuid)
                .distinct()
@@ -276,6 +268,9 @@ impl Group {
                        .and(users_organizations::org_uuid.eq(groups::organizations_uuid))),
                )
                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                // Only allow full access via a confirmed membership, since
+                // groups_users rows are kept when a membership is revoked.
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .filter(groups::organizations_uuid.eq(org_uuid))
                .filter(groups::access_all.eq(true))
                .select(groups::access_all)
@@ -326,53 +321,30 @@ impl CollectionGroup {
            group_user.update_user_revision(conn).await;
        }

+        let values = (
+            collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(&self.collections_uuid),
+            collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
+            collections_groups::read_only.eq(&self.read_only),
+            collections_groups::hide_passwords.eq(&self.hide_passwords),
+            collections_groups::manage.eq(&self.manage),
+        );
+
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(collections_groups::table)
-                    .values((
-                        collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(&self.collections_uuid),
-                        collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                        collections_groups::read_only.eq(&self.read_only),
-                        collections_groups::hide_passwords.eq(&self.hide_passwords),
-                        collections_groups::manage.eq(&self.manage),
-                    ))
-                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(collections_groups::table)
-                            .filter(collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(&self.collections_uuid))
-                            .filter(collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid))
-                            .set((
-                                collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(&self.collections_uuid),
-                                collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                                collections_groups::read_only.eq(&self.read_only),
-                                collections_groups::hide_passwords.eq(&self.hide_passwords),
-                                collections_groups::manage.eq(&self.manage),
-                            ))
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error adding group to collection")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error adding group to collection")
-            }
-            postgresql {
+            mysql {
                diesel::insert_into(collections_groups::table)
-                    .values((
-                        collections_groups::collections_uuid.eq(&self.collections_uuid),
-                        collections_groups::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                        collections_groups::read_only.eq(self.read_only),
-                        collections_groups::hide_passwords.eq(self.hide_passwords),
-                        collections_groups::manage.eq(self.manage),
-                    ))
+                    .values(values)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(values)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error adding group to collection")
+            }
+            postgresql, sqlite {
+                diesel::insert_into(collections_groups::table)
+                    .values(values)
                    .on_conflict((collections_groups::collections_uuid, collections_groups::groups_uuid))
                    .do_update()
-                    .set((
-                        collections_groups::read_only.eq(self.read_only),
-                        collections_groups::hide_passwords.eq(self.hide_passwords),
-                        collections_groups::manage.eq(self.manage),
-                    ))
+                    .set(values)
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error adding group to collection")
            }
@@ -415,6 +387,7 @@ impl CollectionGroup {
                        .and(collections::org_uuid.eq(groups::organizations_uuid))),
                )
                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .select(collections_groups::all_columns)
                .load::<Self>(conn)
                .expect("Error loading user collection groups")
@@ -497,43 +470,25 @@ impl GroupUser {
    pub async fn save(&mut self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        self.update_user_revision(conn).await;

+        let values = (
+            groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(&self.users_organizations_uuid),
+            groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
+        );
+
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(groups_users::table)
-                    .values((
-                        groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(&self.users_organizations_uuid),
-                        groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                    ))
-                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(groups_users::table)
-                            .filter(groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(&self.users_organizations_uuid))
-                            .filter(groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid))
-                            .set((
-                                groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(&self.users_organizations_uuid),
-                                groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                            ))
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error adding user to group")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error adding user to group")
-            }
-            postgresql {
+            mysql {
                diesel::insert_into(groups_users::table)
-                    .values((
-                        groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(&self.users_organizations_uuid),
-                        groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                    ))
+                    .values(values)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_nothing()
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error adding user to group")
+            }
+            postgresql, sqlite {
+                diesel::insert_into(groups_users::table)
+                    .values(values)
                    .on_conflict((groups_users::users_organizations_uuid, groups_users::groups_uuid))
-                    .do_update()
-                    .set((
-                        groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(&self.users_organizations_uuid),
-                        groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(&self.groups_uuid),
-                    ))
+                    .do_nothing()
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error adding user to group")
            }
@@ -618,26 +573,6 @@ impl GroupUser {
        }
    }

-    pub async fn delete_by_group_and_member(
-        group_uuid: &GroupId,
-        member_uuid: &MembershipId,
-        conn: &DbConn,
-    ) -> EmptyResult {
-        match Membership::find_by_uuid(member_uuid, conn).await {
-            Some(member) => User::update_uuid_revision(&member.user_uuid, conn).await,
-            None => warn!("Member could not be found!"),
-        }
-
-        conn.run(move |conn| {
-            diesel::delete(groups_users::table)
-                .filter(groups_users::groups_uuid.eq(group_uuid))
-                .filter(groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(member_uuid))
-                .execute(conn)
-                .map_res("Error deleting group users")
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-
    pub async fn delete_all_by_group(group_uuid: &GroupId, org_uuid: &OrganizationId, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        let group_users = GroupUser::find_by_group(group_uuid, org_uuid, conn).await;
        for group_user in group_users {
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ mod two_factor;
 mod two_factor_duo_context;
 mod two_factor_incomplete;
 mod user;
+mod user_signature_key_pair;

 pub use self::archive::Archive;
 pub use self::attachment::{Attachment, AttachmentId};
 pub use self::auth_request::{AuthRequest, AuthRequestId};
-pub use self::cipher::{Cipher, CipherId, RepromptType};
+pub use self::cipher::{Cipher, CipherId, RepromptType, is_data_blob_encrypted};
 pub use self::collection::{Collection, CollectionCipher, CollectionId, CollectionUser};
 pub use self::device::{Device, DeviceId, DeviceType, DeviceWithAuthRequest, PushId};
 pub use self::emergency_access::{EmergencyAccess, EmergencyAccessId, EmergencyAccessStatus, EmergencyAccessType};
@@ -39,4 +40,5 @@ pub use self::sso_auth::{OIDCAuthenticatedUser, OIDCCodeResponseError, SsoAuth};
 pub use self::two_factor::{TwoFactor, TwoFactorType};
 pub use self::two_factor_duo_context::TwoFactorDuoContext;
 pub use self::two_factor_incomplete::TwoFactorIncomplete;
-pub use self::user::{Invitation, SsoUser, User, UserId, UserKdfType, UserStampException};
+pub use self::user::{Invitation, KeyId, SsoUser, User, UserId, UserKdfType, UserStampException};
+pub use self::user_signature_key_pair::{SignatureAlgorithm, UserSignatureKeyPair};
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
 use derive_more::{AsRef, From};
 use diesel::prelude::*;
 use serde::Deserialize;
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
        schema::{org_policies, users_organizations},
    },
    error::MapResult,
+    util::format_date,
 };

 use super::{Membership, MembershipId, MembershipStatus, MembershipType, OrganizationId, TwoFactor, UserId};
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ pub struct OrgPolicy {
    pub atype: i32,
    pub enabled: bool,
    pub data: String,
+    pub revision_date: NaiveDateTime,
 }

 // https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Core/AdminConsole/Enums/PolicyType.cs
@@ -46,9 +49,10 @@ pub enum OrgPolicyType {
    RemoveUnlockWithPin = 14,
    RestrictedItemTypes = 15,
    UriMatchDefaults = 16,
-    // AutotypeDefaultSetting = 17, // Not supported yet
+    AutotypeDefaultSetting = 17,
    // AutoConfirm = 18, // Not supported (not implemented yet)
    // BlockClaimedDomainAccountCreation = 19, // Not supported (Not AGPLv3 Licensed)
+    OrganizationUserNotification = 20,
 }

 // https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9ebe16587175b1c0e9208f84397bb75d0d595510/src/Core/AdminConsole/Models/Data/Organizations/Policies/SendOptionsPolicyData.cs#L5
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ impl OrgPolicy {
            atype: atype as i32,
            enabled,
            data,
+            revision_date: Utc::now().naive_utc(),
        }
    }

@@ -91,7 +96,7 @@ impl OrgPolicy {
            "type": self.atype,
            "data": data_json,
            "enabled": self.enabled,
-            "revisionDate": null,
+            "revisionDate": format_date(&self.revision_date),
            "object": "policy",
        });

@@ -109,11 +114,13 @@ impl OrgPolicy {

 /// Database methods
 impl OrgPolicy {
-    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+    pub async fn save(&mut self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+        self.revision_date = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
        db_run! { conn:
            sqlite, mysql {
                match diesel::replace_into(org_policies::table)
-                    .values(self)
+                    .values(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
                {
                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
@@ -121,7 +128,7 @@ impl OrgPolicy {
                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
                        diesel::update(org_policies::table)
                            .filter(org_policies::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(self)
+                            .set(&*self)
                            .execute(conn)
                            .map_res("Error saving org_policy")
                    }
@@ -141,10 +148,10 @@ impl OrgPolicy {
                .map_res("Error deleting org_policy for insert")?;

                diesel::insert_into(org_policies::table)
-                    .values(self)
+                    .values(&*self)
                    .on_conflict(org_policies::uuid)
                    .do_update()
-                    .set(self)
+                    .set(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error saving org_policy")
            }
@@ -186,6 +193,26 @@ impl OrgPolicy {
        .await
    }

+    pub async fn find_accepted_and_confirmed_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
+        conn.run(move |conn| {
+            org_policies::table
+                .inner_join(
+                    users_organizations::table.on(users_organizations::org_uuid
+                        .eq(org_policies::org_uuid)
+                        .and(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))),
+                )
+                .filter(
+                    users_organizations::status
+                        .eq(MembershipStatus::Accepted as i32)
+                        .or(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32)),
+                )
+                .select(org_policies::all_columns)
+                .load::<Self>(conn)
+                .expect("Error loading org_policy")
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+
    pub async fn find_by_org_and_type(
        org_uuid: &OrganizationId,
        policy_type: OrgPolicyType,
@@ -318,6 +345,13 @@ impl OrgPolicy {
    }

    pub async fn org_is_reset_password_auto_enroll(org_uuid: &OrganizationId, conn: &DbConn) -> bool {
+        // Account recovery depends on outbound mail. When SMTP is disabled, treat the
+        // auto-enroll policy as inactive so invites/registration are not forced to
+        // supply a reset-password key (see check_reset_password_applicable).
+        if !CONFIG.mail_enabled() {
+            return false;
+        }
+
        match OrgPolicy::find_by_org_and_type(org_uuid, OrgPolicyType::ResetPassword, conn).await {
            Some(policy) => match serde_json::from_str::<ResetPasswordDataModel>(&policy.data) {
                Ok(opts) => {
@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-use std::{
-    cmp::Ordering,
-    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
-};
+use std::cmp::Ordering;

 use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
 use derive_more::{AsRef, Deref, Display, From};
@@ -24,8 +21,8 @@ use crate::{
 use macros::UuidFromParam;

 use super::{
-    Cipher, CipherId, Collection, CollectionGroup, CollectionId, CollectionUser, Group, GroupId, GroupUser, OrgPolicy,
-    OrgPolicyType, TwoFactor, User, UserId,
+    Cipher, CipherId, Collection, CollectionId, CollectionUser, Group, GroupId, GroupUser, OrgPolicy, OrgPolicyType,
+    TwoFactor, User, UserId,
 };

 #[derive(Identifiable, Queryable, Insertable, AsChangeset)]
@@ -345,7 +342,7 @@ impl OrganizationApiKey {
 impl Organization {
    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        if !crate::util::is_valid_email(&self.billing_email) {
-            err!(format!("BillingEmail {} is not a valid email address", self.billing_email))
+            err!(format!("BillingEmail {} is not a valid email address", self.billing_email.escape_debug()))
        }

        for member in &Membership::find_by_org(&self.uuid, conn).await {
@@ -353,25 +350,16 @@ impl Organization {
        }

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(organizations::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(organizations::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(organizations::table)
-                            .filter(organizations::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving organization")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving organization")
-
+                    .map_res("Error saving organization")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(organizations::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict(organizations::uuid)
@@ -527,8 +515,7 @@ impl Membership {
            "limitCollectionDeletion": true,
            "limitItemDeletion": false,
            "allowAdminAccessToAllCollectionItems": true,
-            "userIsManagedByOrganization": false, // Means not managed via the Members UI, like SSO
-            "userIsClaimedByOrganization": false, // The new key instead of the obsolete userIsManagedByOrganization
+            "userIsClaimedByOrganization": false, // Means not managed via the Members UI, like SSO

            "permissions": permissions,

@@ -545,7 +532,13 @@ impl Membership {
        })
    }

-    pub async fn to_json_user_details(&self, include_collections: bool, include_groups: bool, conn: &DbConn) -> Value {
+    // Used by admins to view other members, so nothing here may depend on this member's status
+    pub async fn to_json_details_for_admin(
+        &self,
+        include_collections: bool,
+        include_groups: bool,
+        conn: &DbConn,
+    ) -> Value {
        let user = User::find_by_uuid(&self.user_uuid, conn).await.unwrap();

        // Because BitWarden want the status to be -1 for revoked users we need to catch that here.
@@ -568,52 +561,23 @@ impl Membership {

        // Check if a user is in a group which has access to all collections
        // If that is the case, we should not return individual collections!
+        // This is used by admins to view other members, so it must not depend on the membership status
        let full_access_group =
-            CONFIG.org_groups_enabled() && Group::is_in_full_access_group(&self.user_uuid, &self.org_uuid, conn).await;
+            CONFIG.org_groups_enabled() && GroupUser::has_full_access_by_member(&self.org_uuid, &self.uuid, conn).await;

        // If collections are to be included, only include them if the user does not have full access via a group or defined to the user it self
+        // Only the collections assigned directly are returned, the ones assigned via a group are returned via a special group endpoint
        let collections: Vec<Value> = if include_collections && !(full_access_group || self.access_all) {
-            // Get all collections for the user here already to prevent more queries
-            let cu: HashMap<CollectionId, CollectionUser> =
-                CollectionUser::find_by_organization_and_user_uuid(&self.org_uuid, &self.user_uuid, conn)
-                    .await
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|cu| (cu.collection_uuid.clone(), cu))
-                    .collect();
-
-            // Get all collection groups for this user to prevent there inclusion
-            let cg: HashSet<CollectionId> = CollectionGroup::find_by_user(&self.user_uuid, conn)
+            CollectionUser::find_by_organization_and_user_uuid(&self.org_uuid, &self.user_uuid, conn)
                .await
                .into_iter()
-                .map(|cg| cg.collections_uuid)
-                .collect();
-
-            Collection::find_by_organization_and_user_uuid(&self.org_uuid, &self.user_uuid, conn)
-                .await
-                .into_iter()
-                .filter_map(|c| {
-                    let (read_only, hide_passwords, manage) = if self.has_full_access() {
-                        (false, false, self.atype >= MembershipType::Manager)
-                    } else if let Some(cu) = cu.get(&c.uuid) {
-                        (
-                            cu.read_only,
-                            cu.hide_passwords,
-                            cu.manage || (self.atype == MembershipType::Manager && !cu.read_only && !cu.hide_passwords),
-                        )
-                    // If previous checks failed it might be that this user has access via a group, but we should not return those elements here
-                    // Those are returned via a special group endpoint
-                    } else if cg.contains(&c.uuid) {
-                        return None;
-                    } else {
-                        (true, true, false)
-                    };
-
-                    Some(json!({
-                        "id": c.uuid,
-                        "readOnly": read_only,
-                        "hidePasswords": hide_passwords,
-                        "manage": manage,
-                    }))
+                .map(|cu| {
+                    json!({
+                        "id": cu.collection_uuid,
+                        "readOnly": cu.read_only,
+                        "hidePasswords": cu.hide_passwords,
+                        "manage": cu.manage || (self.atype == MembershipType::Manager && !cu.read_only && !cu.hide_passwords),
+                    })
                })
                .collect()
        } else {
@@ -661,7 +625,6 @@ impl Membership {

            "status": status,
            "type": membership_type,
-            "accessAll": self.access_all,
            "twoFactorEnabled": twofactor_enabled,
            "resetPasswordEnrolled": self.reset_password_key.is_some(),
            "hasMasterPassword": !user.password_hash.is_empty(),
@@ -669,7 +632,6 @@ impl Membership {
            "permissions": permissions,

            "ssoBound": false, // Not supported
-            "managedByOrganization": false, // This key is obsolete replaced by claimedByOrganization
            "claimedByOrganization": false, // Means not managed via the Members UI, like SSO
            "usesKeyConnector": false, // Not supported
            "accessSecretsManager": false, // Not supported (Not AGPLv3 Licensed)
@@ -720,7 +682,6 @@ impl Membership {

            "status": status,
            "type": self.atype,
-            "accessAll": self.access_all,
            "collections": coll_uuids,

            "object": "organizationUserDetails",
@@ -753,24 +714,16 @@ impl Membership {
        User::update_uuid_revision(&self.user_uuid, conn).await;

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(users_organizations::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(users_organizations::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(users_organizations::table)
-                            .filter(users_organizations::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error adding user to organization")
-                    },
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error adding user to organization")
+                    .map_res("Error adding user to organization")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(users_organizations::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict(users_organizations::uuid)
@@ -861,6 +814,21 @@ impl Membership {
        .await
    }

+    pub async fn find_accepted_and_confirmed_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
+        conn.run(move |conn| {
+            users_organizations::table
+                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .filter(
+                    users_organizations::status
+                        .eq(MembershipStatus::Accepted as i32)
+                        .or(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32)),
+                )
+                .load::<Self>(conn)
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+
    pub async fn find_invited_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            users_organizations::table
@@ -1034,17 +1002,6 @@ impl Membership {
        .await
    }

-    pub async fn get_orgs_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<OrganizationId> {
-        conn.run(move |conn| {
-            users_organizations::table
-                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
-                .select(users_organizations::org_uuid)
-                .load::<OrganizationId>(conn)
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-
    pub async fn find_by_user_and_policy(user_uuid: &UserId, policy_type: OrgPolicyType, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            users_organizations::table
@@ -1067,6 +1024,7 @@ impl Membership {
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            users_organizations::table
                .filter(users_organizations::org_uuid.eq(org_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .left_join(users_collections::table.on(users_collections::user_uuid.eq(users_organizations::user_uuid)))
                .left_join(
                    ciphers_collections::table.on(ciphers_collections::collection_uuid
@@ -1093,6 +1051,7 @@ impl Membership {
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            users_organizations::table
                .filter(users_organizations::org_uuid.eq(org_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .inner_join(
                    groups_users::table.on(groups_users::users_organizations_uuid.eq(users_organizations::uuid)),
                )
@@ -1128,6 +1087,7 @@ impl Membership {
                        .and(ciphers::organization_uuid.eq(users_organizations::org_uuid.nullable()))),
                )
                .filter(users_organizations::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .filter(users_organizations::status.eq(MembershipStatus::Confirmed as i32))
                .filter(
                    users_organizations::atype.eq_any(vec![MembershipType::Owner as i32, MembershipType::Admin as i32]),
                )
@@ -1186,25 +1146,16 @@ impl Membership {
 impl OrganizationApiKey {
    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(organization_api_key::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(organization_api_key::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(organization_api_key::table)
-                            .filter(organization_api_key::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving organization")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving organization")
-
+                    .map_res("Error saving organization")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(organization_api_key::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict((organization_api_key::uuid, organization_api_key::org_uuid))
@@ -140,6 +140,10 @@ impl Send {
        None
    }

+    fn access_id(&self) -> String {
+        BASE64URL_NOPAD.encode(Uuid::parse_str(&self.uuid).unwrap_or_default().as_bytes())
+    }
+
    pub fn to_json(&self) -> Value {
        let mut data = serde_json::from_str::<LowerCase<Value>>(&self.data).map(|d| d.data).unwrap_or_default();

@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@ impl Send {

        json!({
            "id": self.uuid,
-            "accessId": BASE64URL_NOPAD.encode(Uuid::parse_str(&self.uuid).unwrap_or_default().as_bytes()),
+            "accessId": self.access_id(),
            "type": self.atype,

            "name": self.name,
@@ -182,7 +186,7 @@ impl Send {
        }

        json!({
-            "id": self.uuid,
+            "id": self.access_id(),
            "type": self.atype,

            "name": self.name,
@@ -202,24 +206,16 @@ impl Send {
        self.revision_date = Utc::now().naive_utc();

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                match diesel::replace_into(sends::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(sends::table)
                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
                    .execute(conn)
-                {
-                    Ok(_) => Ok(()),
-                    // Record already exists and causes a Foreign Key Violation because replace_into() wants to delete the record first.
-                    Err(diesel::result::Error::DatabaseError(diesel::result::DatabaseErrorKind::ForeignKeyViolation, _)) => {
-                        diesel::update(sends::table)
-                            .filter(sends::uuid.eq(&self.uuid))
-                            .set(&*self)
-                            .execute(conn)
-                            .map_res("Error saving send")
-                    }
-                    Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
-                }.map_res("Error saving send")
+                    .map_res("Error saving send")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(sends::table)
                    .values(&*self)
                    .on_conflict(sends::uuid)
@@ -264,7 +260,7 @@ impl Send {

    /// Whether the Send is currently within its validity window: not disabled, not past its
    /// expiration date, and not past its deletion date. Does not consider `max_access_count`
-    /// (consumed at token issuance) or the password.
+    /// (counted on each access) or the password.
    pub fn is_accessible(&self) -> bool {
        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
        if self.disabled {
@@ -317,19 +313,6 @@ impl Send {
        Ok(())
    }

-    pub async fn find_by_access_id(access_id: &str, conn: &DbConn) -> Option<Self> {
-        let Ok(uuid_vec) = BASE64URL_NOPAD.decode(access_id.as_bytes()) else {
-            return None;
-        };
-
-        let uuid = match Uuid::from_slice(&uuid_vec) {
-            Ok(u) => SendId::from(u.to_string()),
-            Err(_) => return None,
-        };
-
-        Self::find_by_uuid(&uuid, conn).await
-    }
-
    pub async fn find_by_uuid(uuid: &SendId, conn: &DbConn) -> Option<Self> {
        conn.run(move |conn| sends::table.filter(sends::uuid.eq(uuid)).first::<Self>(conn).ok()).await
    }
@@ -369,13 +352,6 @@ impl Send {
        Some(total)
    }

-    pub async fn find_by_org(org_uuid: &OrganizationId, conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
-        conn.run(move |conn| {
-            sends::table.filter(sends::organization_uuid.eq(org_uuid)).load::<Self>(conn).expect("Error loading sends")
-        })
-        .await
-    }
-
    pub async fn find_by_past_deletion_date(conn: &DbConn) -> Vec<Self> {
        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
        conn.run(move |conn| {
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ impl TwoFactor {
        .await
    }

-    pub async fn find_by_user_and_type(user_uuid: &UserId, atype: i32, conn: &DbConn) -> Option<Self> {
+    pub async fn find_by_user_and_type(user_uuid: &UserId, atype: TwoFactorType, conn: &DbConn) -> Option<Self> {
        conn.run(move |conn| {
            twofactor::table
                .filter(twofactor::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
-                .filter(twofactor::atype.eq(atype))
+                .filter(twofactor::atype.eq(atype as i32))
                .first::<Self>(conn)
                .ok()
        })
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use macros::UuidFromParam;

 use super::{
    Cipher, Device, EmergencyAccess, Favorite, Folder, Membership, MembershipType, TwoFactor, TwoFactorIncomplete,
+    UserSignatureKeyPair,
 };

 #[derive(Identifiable, Queryable, Insertable, AsChangeset, Selectable)]
@@ -69,6 +70,13 @@ pub struct User {
    pub avatar_color: Option<String>,

    pub external_id: Option<String>, // Todo: Needs to be removed in the future, this is not used anymore.
+
+    pub key_id: Option<KeyId>,
+
+    // The v2 state: all set, with a `user_signature_key_pairs` row, or none, see `User::is_v2`
+    pub signed_public_key: Option<String>,
+    pub security_state: Option<String>,
+    pub security_version: Option<i32>,
 }

 #[derive(Identifiable, Queryable, Insertable)]
@@ -154,9 +162,19 @@ impl User {
            avatar_color: None,

            external_id: None, // Todo: Needs to be removed in the future, this is not used anymore.
+
+            key_id: None,
+
+            signed_public_key: None,
+            security_state: None,
+            security_version: None,
        }
    }

+    pub fn is_v2(&self) -> bool {
+        self.signed_public_key.is_some() && self.security_state.is_some() && self.security_version.is_some()
+    }
+
    pub fn check_valid_password(&self, password: &str) -> bool {
        crypto::verify_password_hash(
            password.as_bytes(),
@@ -166,6 +184,10 @@ impl User {
        )
    }

+    pub fn master_password_salt(&self) -> String {
+        self.email.trim().to_lowercase()
+    }
+
    pub fn check_valid_recovery_code(&self, recovery_code: &str) -> bool {
        if let Some(ref totp_recover) = self.totp_recover {
            crypto::ct_eq(recovery_code, totp_recover.to_lowercase())
@@ -253,12 +275,73 @@ impl User {

 /// Database methods
 impl User {
+    pub fn verified(&self) -> bool {
+        !CONFIG.mail_enabled() || self.verified_at.is_some()
+    }
+
+    async fn v2_signature_key_pair(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> Option<UserSignatureKeyPair> {
+        if !self.is_v2() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        UserSignatureKeyPair::find_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await
+    }
+
+    /// The `accountKeys` object (upstream's `PrivateKeysResponseModel`), null without a key pair
+    pub async fn account_keys_json(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> Value {
+        if self.private_key.is_some() {
+            let (signed_public_key, signature_key_pair, security_state) = match self.v2_signature_key_pair(conn).await {
+                Some(key_pair) => (
+                    json!(self.signed_public_key),
+                    key_pair.to_json(),
+                    json!({
+                        "securityState": self.security_state,
+                        "securityVersion": self.security_version,
+                    }),
+                ),
+                None => (Value::Null, Value::Null, Value::Null),
+            };
+
+            json!({
+                "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair": {
+                    "wrappedPrivateKey": self.private_key,
+                    "publicKey": self.public_key,
+                    "signedPublicKey": signed_public_key,
+                    "object": "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair",
+                },
+                "securityState": security_state,
+                "signatureKeyPair": signature_key_pair,
+                "object": "privateKeys"
+            })
+        } else {
+            Value::Null
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub async fn public_keys_json(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> Value {
+        let (signed_public_key, verifying_key) = match self.v2_signature_key_pair(conn).await {
+            Some(key_pair) => (json!(self.signed_public_key), json!(key_pair.verifying_key)),
+            None => (Value::Null, Value::Null),
+        };
+
+        json!({
+            "publicKey": self.public_key,
+            "signedPublicKey": signed_public_key,
+            "verifyingKey": verifying_key,
+            "object": "publicKeys"
+        })
+    }
+
    pub async fn to_json(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> Value {
        let mut orgs_json = Vec::new();
        for c in Membership::find_confirmed_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await {
            orgs_json.push(c.to_json(conn).await);
        }

+        let mut orgs_new_json = Vec::new();
+        for c in Membership::find_accepted_and_confirmed_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await {
+            orgs_new_json.push(c.to_json(conn).await);
+        }
+
        let twofactor_enabled = !TwoFactor::find_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await.is_empty();

        // TODO: Might want to save the status field in the DB
@@ -268,21 +351,7 @@ impl User {
            UserStatus::Enabled
        };

-        let account_keys = if self.private_key.is_some() {
-            json!({
-                "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair": {
-                    "wrappedPrivateKey": self.private_key,
-                    "publicKey": self.public_key,
-                    "signedPublicKey": null,
-                    "object": "publicKeyEncryptionKeyPair",
-                },
-                "securityState": null,
-                "signatureKeyPair": null,
-                "object": "privateKeys"
-            })
-        } else {
-            Value::Null
-        };
+        let account_keys = self.account_keys_json(conn).await;

        json!({
            "_status": status as i32,
@@ -290,7 +359,7 @@ impl User {
            "id": self.uuid,
            "name": self.name,
            "email": self.email,
-            "emailVerified": !CONFIG.mail_enabled() || self.verified_at.is_some(),
+            "emailVerified": self.verified(),
            "premium": true,
            "premiumFromOrganization": false,
            "culture": "en-US",
@@ -299,6 +368,7 @@ impl User {
            "privateKey": self.private_key,
            "securityStamp": self.security_stamp,
            "organizations": orgs_json,
+            "organizationsNew": orgs_new_json,
            "providers": [],
            "providerOrganizations": [],
            "forcePasswordReset": false,
@@ -311,7 +381,7 @@ impl User {

    pub async fn save(&mut self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        if !crate::util::is_valid_email(&self.email) {
-            err!(format!("User email {} is not a valid email address", self.email))
+            err!(format!("User email {} is not a valid email address", self.email.escape_debug()))
        }

        self.updated_at = Utc::now().naive_utc();
@@ -357,6 +427,7 @@ impl User {
        Device::delete_all_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await?;
        TwoFactor::delete_all_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await?;
        TwoFactorIncomplete::delete_all_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await?;
+        UserSignatureKeyPair::delete_all_by_user(&self.uuid, conn).await?;
        Invitation::take(&self.email, conn).await; // Delete invitation if any

        conn.run(move |conn| {
@@ -459,19 +530,21 @@ impl Invitation {

    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        if !crate::util::is_valid_email(&self.email) {
-            err!(format!("Invitation email {} is not a valid email address", self.email))
+            err!(format!("Invitation email {} is not a valid email address", self.email.escape_debug()))
        }

        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                // Not checking for ForeignKey Constraints here
-                // Table invitations does not have any ForeignKey Constraints.
-                diesel::replace_into(invitations::table)
+            // Not checking for ForeignKey Constraints here
+            // Table invitations does not have any ForeignKey Constraints.
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(invitations::table)
                    .values(self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_nothing()
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error saving invitation")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(invitations::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .on_conflict(invitations::email)
@@ -525,16 +598,36 @@ impl Invitation {
 #[from(forward)]
 pub struct UserId(String);

+#[derive(
+    Clone,
+    Debug,
+    DieselNewType,
+    FromForm,
+    PartialEq,
+    Eq,
+    Hash,
+    Serialize,
+    Deserialize,
+    AsRef,
+    Deref,
+    Display,
+    From,
+    UuidFromParam,
+)]
+#[deref(forward)]
+#[from(forward)]
+pub struct KeyId(String);
+
 impl SsoUser {
    pub async fn save(&self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
        db_run! { conn:
-            sqlite, mysql {
-                diesel::replace_into(sso_users::table)
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(sso_users::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .execute(conn)
                    .map_res("Error saving SSO user")
            }
-            postgresql {
+            postgresql, sqlite {
                diesel::insert_into(sso_users::table)
                    .values(self)
                    .execute(conn)
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+use chrono::{NaiveDateTime, Utc};
+use derive_more::{AsRef, Deref, Display, From};
+use diesel::prelude::*;
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use crate::{
+    api::EmptyResult,
+    db::{DbConn, schema::user_signature_key_pairs},
+    error::MapResult,
+    util::get_uuid,
+};
+
+use super::UserId;
+
+/// A user's signature key pair, part of the v2 state, in its own table like upstream.
+///
+/// Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Sql/dbo/KeyManagement/Tables/UserSignatureKeyPair.sql#L1-L15>
+#[derive(Identifiable, Queryable, Insertable, AsChangeset, Selectable)]
+#[diesel(table_name = user_signature_key_pairs)]
+#[diesel(treat_none_as_null = true)]
+#[diesel(primary_key(uuid))]
+pub struct UserSignatureKeyPair {
+    pub uuid: UserSignatureKeyPairId,
+    pub user_uuid: UserId,
+
+    pub signature_algorithm: i32,
+    /// The signing (private) key, wrapped by the user key.
+    pub signing_key: String,
+    /// The COSE-encoded public verifying key.
+    pub verifying_key: String,
+
+    pub created_at: NaiveDateTime,
+    pub updated_at: NaiveDateTime,
+}
+
+/// Ref: <https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/9030c42bf7d8f9ac2ff9fee85c39588d5eb81499/src/Core/KeyManagement/Enums/SignatureAlgorithm.cs#L6-L10>
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum SignatureAlgorithm {
+    Ed25519 = 0,
+    MlDsa44 = 1,
+}
+
+impl SignatureAlgorithm {
+    pub fn parse(algorithm: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        match algorithm {
+            "ed25519" => Some(Self::Ed25519),
+            "mldsa44" => Some(Self::MlDsa44),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Local methods
+impl UserSignatureKeyPair {
+    pub fn new(
+        user_uuid: UserId,
+        signature_algorithm: SignatureAlgorithm,
+        signing_key: String,
+        verifying_key: String,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let now = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+        Self {
+            uuid: UserSignatureKeyPairId(get_uuid()),
+            user_uuid,
+            signature_algorithm: signature_algorithm as i32,
+            signing_key,
+            verifying_key,
+            created_at: now,
+            updated_at: now,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_json(&self) -> Value {
+        json!({
+            "wrappedSigningKey": self.signing_key,
+            "verifyingKey": self.verifying_key,
+            "object": "signatureKeyPair",
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// Database methods
+impl UserSignatureKeyPair {
+    pub async fn save(&mut self, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+        self.updated_at = Utc::now().naive_utc();
+
+        db_run! { conn:
+            mysql {
+                diesel::insert_into(user_signature_key_pairs::table)
+                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(diesel::dsl::DuplicatedKeys)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error saving user signature key pair")
+            }
+            postgresql, sqlite {
+                diesel::insert_into(user_signature_key_pairs::table)
+                    .values(&*self)
+                    .on_conflict(user_signature_key_pairs::user_uuid)
+                    .do_update()
+                    .set(&*self)
+                    .execute(conn)
+                    .map_res("Error saving user signature key pair")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The user's key pair. There is at most one, enforced by a unique index on `user_uuid`.
+    pub async fn find_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> Option<Self> {
+        conn.run(move |conn| {
+            user_signature_key_pairs::table
+                .filter(user_signature_key_pairs::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid))
+                .first::<Self>(conn)
+                .ok()
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+
+    pub async fn delete_all_by_user(user_uuid: &UserId, conn: &DbConn) -> EmptyResult {
+        conn.run(move |conn| {
+            diesel::delete(user_signature_key_pairs::table.filter(user_signature_key_pairs::user_uuid.eq(user_uuid)))
+                .execute(conn)
+                .map_res("Error deleting user signature key pairs")
+        })
+        .await
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, AsRef, Deref, DieselNewType, Display, From, Hash, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
+pub struct UserSignatureKeyPairId(String);
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ table! {
        atype -> Integer,
        enabled -> Bool,
        data -> Text,
+        revision_date -> Timestamp,
    }
 }

@@ -217,6 +218,22 @@ table! {
        api_key -> Nullable<Text>,
        avatar_color -> Nullable<Text>,
        external_id -> Nullable<Text>,
+        key_id -> Nullable<Text>,
+        signed_public_key -> Nullable<Text>,
+        security_state -> Nullable<Text>,
+        security_version -> Nullable<Integer>,
+    }
+}
+
+table! {
+    user_signature_key_pairs (uuid) {
+        uuid -> Text,
+        user_uuid -> Text,
+        signature_algorithm -> Integer,
+        signing_key -> Text,
+        verifying_key -> Text,
+        created_at -> Timestamp,
+        updated_at -> Timestamp,
    }
 }

@@ -382,6 +399,7 @@ joinable!(collections_groups -> groups (groups_uuid));
 joinable!(event -> users_organizations (uuid));
 joinable!(auth_requests -> users (user_uuid));
 joinable!(sso_users -> users (user_uuid));
+joinable!(user_signature_key_pairs -> users (user_uuid));

 allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
    archives,
@@ -408,4 +426,5 @@ allow_tables_to_appear_in_same_query!(
    collections_groups,
    event,
    auth_requests,
+    user_signature_key_pairs,
 );
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ use reqwest::{
 };
 use url::Host;

-use crate::{CONFIG, util::is_global};
+use crate::{
+    CONFIG,
+    util::{get_env_bool, is_global},
+};

 pub fn make_http_request(method: reqwest::Method, url: &str) -> Result<reqwest::RequestBuilder, crate::Error> {
    static INSTANCE: LazyLock<Client> =
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ pub fn get_reqwest_client_builder(enforce_block: bool) -> ClientBuilder {
    let mut headers = header::HeaderMap::new();
    headers.insert(header::USER_AGENT, header::HeaderValue::from_static("Vaultwarden"));

-    let redirect_policy = reqwest::redirect::Policy::custom(|attempt| {
+    let redirect_policy = reqwest::redirect::Policy::custom(move |attempt| {
        if attempt.previous().len() >= 5 {
            return attempt.error("Too many redirects");
        }
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ pub fn get_reqwest_client_builder(enforce_block: bool) -> ClientBuilder {
            return attempt.error("Invalid host");
        };

-        if let Err(e) = should_block_host(&host) {
+        if enforce_block && let Err(e) = should_block_host(&host) {
            return attempt.error(e);
        }

@@ -59,6 +62,14 @@ pub fn get_reqwest_client_builder(enforce_block: bool) -> ClientBuilder {
        .timeout(Duration::from_secs(10))
 }

+fn dns_prefer_ipv6() -> bool {
+    // CONFIG may require DNS to initialize, so avoid forcing it during bootstrap.
+    match LazyLock::get(&CONFIG) {
+        Some(config) => config.dns_prefer_ipv6(),
+        None => get_env_bool("DNS_PREFER_IPV6").unwrap_or(false),
+    }
+}
+
 fn should_block_ip(ip: IpAddr) -> bool {
    if !CONFIG.http_request_block_non_global_ips() {
        return false;
@@ -258,12 +269,8 @@ impl CustomDnsResolver {
    fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
        TokioResolver::builder(TokioRuntimeProvider::default())
            .and_then(|mut builder| {
-                // Hickory's default since v0.26 is `Ipv6AndIpv4`, which sorts IPv6 first
-                // This might cause issues on IPv4 only systems or containers
-                // Unless someone enabled DNS_PREFER_IPV6, use Ipv4AndIpv6, which returns IPv4 first which was our previous default
-                if !CONFIG.dns_prefer_ipv6() {
-                    builder.options_mut().ip_strategy = hickory_resolver::config::LookupIpStrategy::Ipv4AndIpv6;
-                }
+                // Query both families; the preferred order is applied per lookup below.
+                builder.options_mut().ip_strategy = hickory_resolver::config::LookupIpStrategy::Ipv4AndIpv6;
                builder.build()
            })
            .inspect_err(|e| warn!("Error creating Hickory resolver, falling back to default: {e:?}"))
@@ -289,6 +296,17 @@ impl CustomDnsResolver {
    }
 }

+fn sort_addresses(addresses: &mut [SocketAddr], prefer_ipv6: bool) {
+    // `sort_by_key` orders `false` before `true`.
+    // When IPv6 is preferred, IPv6 addresses return `false` for `is_ipv4()` and sort first.
+    // When IPv4 is preferred, IPv4 addresses return `false` for `is_ipv6()` and sort first.
+    if prefer_ipv6 {
+        addresses.sort_by_key(SocketAddr::is_ipv4);
+    } else {
+        addresses.sort_by_key(SocketAddr::is_ipv6);
+    }
+}
+
 fn pre_resolve(name: &str, enforce_block: bool) -> Result<(), CustomHttpClientError> {
    let Ok(host) = get_valid_host(name) else {
        return Err(CustomHttpClientError::Invalid {
@@ -320,7 +338,9 @@ impl Resolve for CustomDns {
        let this = Arc::clone(&self.resolver);
        Box::pin(async move {
            let name = name.as_str();
-            let results = this.resolve_domain(name, enforce_block).await?;
+            let mut results = this.resolve_domain(name, enforce_block).await?;
+            // Recheck after bootstrap so long-lived clients adopt the loaded config.
+            sort_addresses(&mut results, dns_prefer_ipv6());
            if results.is_empty() {
                warn!("Unable to resolve {name} to any valid IP address");
            }
@@ -339,10 +359,29 @@ pub(crate) mod aws {
    };
    use reqwest::Client;

+    use super::get_reqwest_client_builder;
+
    // Adapter that wraps reqwest to be compatible with the AWS SDK
    #[derive(Debug)]
    pub(crate) struct AwsReqwestConnector {
-        pub(crate) client: Client,
+        client: Client,
+    }
+
+    impl AwsReqwestConnector {
+        pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
+            let client = get_reqwest_client_builder(false).build().expect("Failed to build AWS HTTP client");
+            Self {
+                client,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn connector_error(error: reqwest::Error) -> ConnectorError {
+        if error.is_timeout() {
+            ConnectorError::timeout(Box::new(error))
+        } else {
+            ConnectorError::io(Box::new(error))
+        }
    }

    impl HttpConnector for AwsReqwestConnector {
@@ -362,10 +401,10 @@ pub(crate) mod aws {
                    req_builder = req_builder.body(body_bytes.to_vec());
                }

-                let response = req_builder.send().await.map_err(|e| ConnectorError::io(Box::new(e)))?;
+                let response = req_builder.send().await.map_err(connector_error)?;

                let status = response.status().into();
-                let bytes = response.bytes().await.map_err(|e| ConnectorError::io(Box::new(e)))?;
+                let bytes = response.bytes().await.map_err(connector_error)?;

                Ok(HttpResponse::new(status, bytes.into()))
            };
@@ -391,7 +430,7 @@ pub(crate) mod aws {
 mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::util::is_global_hardcoded;
-    use std::net::Ipv4Addr;
+    use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};
    use url::Host;

    // ===
@@ -404,10 +443,30 @@ mod tests {
        }
    }

+    #[test]
+    fn dns_setup_does_not_initialize_config() {
+        assert!(LazyLock::get(&CONFIG).is_none());
+        drop(CustomDns::instance(false));
+        assert!(LazyLock::get(&CONFIG).is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dns_preference_orders_addresses() {
+        let ipv4 = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST), 0);
+        let ipv6 = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V6(Ipv6Addr::LOCALHOST), 0);
+        let mut addresses = [ipv6, ipv4];
+
+        sort_addresses(&mut addresses, false);
+        assert_eq!(addresses, [ipv4, ipv6]);
+
+        sort_addresses(&mut addresses, true);
+        assert_eq!(addresses, [ipv6, ipv4]);
+    }
+
    #[test]
    fn dotted_decimal_loopback_normalizes() {
        let ip = parse_to_ip("127.0.0.1").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
        assert!(!is_global_hardcoded(ip));
    }

@@ -415,21 +474,21 @@ mod tests {
    fn single_decimal_loopback_normalizes() {
        // 127.0.0.1 == 2130706433
        let ip = parse_to_ip("2130706433").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
        assert!(!is_global_hardcoded(ip));
    }

    #[test]
    fn hex_loopback_normalizes() {
        let ip = parse_to_ip("0x7f000001").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
        assert!(!is_global_hardcoded(ip));
    }

    #[test]
    fn dotted_hex_loopback_normalizes() {
        let ip = parse_to_ip("0x7f.0.0.1").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
        assert!(!is_global_hardcoded(ip));
    }

@@ -437,14 +496,14 @@ mod tests {
    fn octal_loopback_normalizes() {
        // 017700000001 == 127.0.0.1
        let ip = parse_to_ip("017700000001").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
        assert!(!is_global_hardcoded(ip));
    }

    #[test]
    fn dotted_octal_loopback_normalizes() {
        let ip = parse_to_ip("0177.0.0.01").unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert_eq!(ip, IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
        assert!(!is_global_hardcoded(ip));
    }

@@ -476,19 +535,19 @@ mod tests {
    #[test]
    fn get_valid_host_normalizes_decimal_int() {
        let h = get_valid_host("2130706433").expect("valid");
-        assert!(matches!(h, Host::Ipv4(ip) if ip == Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert!(matches!(h, Host::Ipv4(ip) if ip == Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_valid_host_normalizes_hex() {
        let h = get_valid_host("0x7f000001").expect("valid");
-        assert!(matches!(h, Host::Ipv4(ip) if ip == Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert!(matches!(h, Host::Ipv4(ip) if ip == Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_valid_host_normalizes_octal() {
        let h = get_valid_host("017700000001").expect("valid");
-        assert!(matches!(h, Host::Ipv4(ip) if ip == Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)));
+        assert!(matches!(h, Host::Ipv4(ip) if ip == Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST));
    }

    // ===
@@ -531,6 +531,21 @@ pub async fn send_new_device_logged_in(address: &str, ip: &str, dt: &NaiveDateTi
    send_email(address, &subject, body_html, body_text).await
 }

+pub async fn send_recover_twofactor(address: &str, ip: &str, dt: &NaiveDateTime) -> EmptyResult {
+    let fmt = "%A, %B %_d, %Y at %r %Z";
+    let (subject, body_html, body_text) = get_text(
+        "email/recover_twofactor",
+        json!({
+            "url": CONFIG.domain(),
+            "img_src": CONFIG._smtp_img_src(),
+            "ip": ip,
+            "datetime": crate::util::format_naive_datetime_local(dt, fmt),
+        }),
+    )?;
+
+    send_email(address, &subject, body_html, body_text).await
+}
+
 pub async fn send_incomplete_2fa_login(
    address: &str,
    ip: &str,
@@ -633,14 +648,24 @@ pub async fn send_test(address: &str) -> EmptyResult {
    send_email(address, &subject, body_html, body_text).await
 }

-pub async fn send_admin_reset_password(address: &str, user_name: &str, org_name: &str) -> EmptyResult {
+pub async fn send_admin_account_recovery(
+    address: &str,
+    user_name: &str,
+    org_name: &str,
+    reset_password: bool,
+    reset_2fa: bool,
+    fallback_2fa_email: bool,
+) -> EmptyResult {
    let (subject, body_html, body_text) = get_text(
-        "email/admin_reset_password",
+        "email/admin_account_recovery",
        json!({
            "url": CONFIG.domain(),
            "img_src": CONFIG._smtp_img_src(),
            "user_name": user_name,
            "org_name": org_name,
+            "reset_password": reset_password,
+            "reset_2fa": reset_2fa,
+            "fallback_2fa_email": fallback_2fa_email,
        }),
    )?;
    send_email(address, &subject, body_html, body_text).await
@@ -137,9 +137,7 @@ fn parse_args() {

    if let Some(command) = pargs.subcommand().unwrap_or_default() {
        if command == "hash" {
-            use argon2::{
-                Algorithm::Argon2id, Argon2, ParamsBuilder, PasswordHasher, Version::V0x13, password_hash::SaltString,
-            };
+            use argon2::{Algorithm::Argon2id, Argon2, ParamsBuilder, PasswordHasher, Version::V0x13};

            let mut argon2_params = ParamsBuilder::new();
            let preset: Option<String> = pargs.opt_value_from_str(["-p", "--preset"]).unwrap_or_default();
@@ -172,10 +170,10 @@ fn parse_args() {
            }

            let argon2 = Argon2::new(Argon2id, V0x13, argon2_params.build().unwrap());
-            let salt = SaltString::encode_b64(&crypto::get_random_bytes::<32>()).unwrap();
+            let salt = crypto::get_random_bytes::<32>();

            let argon2_timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-            if let Ok(password_hash) = argon2.hash_password(password.as_bytes(), &salt) {
+            if let Ok(password_hash) = argon2.hash_password_with_salt(password.as_bytes(), &salt) {
                println!(
                    "\n\
                    ADMIN_TOKEN='{password_hash}'\n\n\
@@ -722,7 +720,7 @@ fn schedule_jobs(pool: db::DbPool) {
            }

            // Clean unused, expired Duo authentication contexts.
-            if !CONFIG.duo_context_purge_schedule().is_empty() && CONFIG._enable_duo() && !CONFIG.duo_use_iframe() {
+            if !CONFIG.duo_context_purge_schedule().is_empty() && CONFIG._enable_duo() {
                sched.add(Job::new(CONFIG.duo_context_purge_schedule().parse().unwrap(), || {
                    runtime.spawn(purge_duo_contexts(pool.clone()));
                }));
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use std::{sync::LazyLock, time::Duration};

 use chrono::Utc;
 use derive_more::{AsRef, Deref, Display, From, Into};
-use regex::Regex;
 use url::Url;

 use crate::{
@@ -175,16 +174,16 @@ pub fn decode_state(base64_state: &str) -> ApiResult<OIDCState> {
        if let Ok(valid) = String::from_utf8(vec) {
            OIDCState(valid)
        } else {
-            err!(format!("Invalid utf8 chars in {base64_state} after base64 decoding"))
+            err!(format!("Invalid utf8 chars in {} after base64 decoding", base64_state.escape_debug()))
        }
    } else {
-        err!(format!("Failed to decode {base64_state} using base64"))
+        err!(format!("Failed to decode {} using base64", base64_state.escape_debug()))
    };

    Ok(state)
 }

-// redirect_uri from: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/main/src/Identity/IdentityServer/ApiClient.cs
+// redirect_uri from: https://github.com/bitwarden/server/blob/main/src/Identity/IdentityServer/StaticClientStore.cs
 pub async fn authorize_url(
    state: OIDCState,
    client_challenge: OIDCCodeChallenge,
@@ -193,20 +192,21 @@ pub async fn authorize_url(
    binding_hash: Option<String>,
    conn: DbConn,
 ) -> ApiResult<Url> {
+    // The desktop app uses the localhost callback when it can't register the custom scheme (AppImage, dev builds)
+    let localhost_redirect_uri =
+        (8065..=8070).map(|port| format!("http://localhost:{port}")).find(|uri| uri == raw_redirect_uri);
+
    let redirect_uri = match client_id {
        "web" | "browser" => format!("{}/sso-connector.html", CONFIG.domain()),
-        "desktop" | "mobile" => "bitwarden://sso-callback".to_owned(),
+        "desktop" => localhost_redirect_uri.unwrap_or_else(|| "bitwarden://sso-callback".to_owned()),
+        "mobile" => "bitwarden://sso-callback".to_owned(),
        "cli" => {
-            let port_regex = Regex::new(r"^http://localhost:([0-9]{4})$").unwrap();
-            if let Some(port) =
-                port_regex.captures(raw_redirect_uri).and_then(|captures| captures.get(1).map(|c| c.as_str()))
-            {
-                format!("http://localhost:{port}")
-            } else {
-                err!("Failed to extract port number")
-            }
+            let Some(uri) = localhost_redirect_uri else {
+                err!(format!("Unsupported redirect uri {}", raw_redirect_uri.escape_debug()))
+            };
+            uri
        }
-        _ => err!(format!("Unsupported client {client_id}")),
+        _ => err!(format!("Unsupported client {}", client_id.escape_debug())),
    };

    let (auth_url, sso_auth) = Client::authorize_url(state, client_challenge, redirect_uri, binding_hash).await?;
@@ -242,7 +242,8 @@ impl OIDCIdentifier {

 // During the 2FA flow we will
 //  - retrieve the user information and then only discover he needs 2FA.
-//  - second time we will rely on `SsoAuth.auth_response` since the `code` has already been exchanged.
+//  - second time we will rely on `SsoAuth.auth_response` since the `code` has already been exchanged,
+//    after checking the PKCE verifier again like upstream does on every redemption.
 // The `SsoAuth` will ensure that the user is authorized only once.
 pub async fn exchange_code(
    code: &OIDCCode,
@@ -256,6 +257,7 @@ pub async fn exchange_code(
    };

    if let Some(authenticated_user) = sso_auth.auth_response.clone() {
+        Client::check_client_verifier(&client_verifier, &sso_auth)?;
        return Ok((sso_auth, authenticated_user));
    }
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`ALTER TABLE org_policies DROP COLUMN revision_date;`
				`@@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`-- TEXT has no size limit here, only MySQL needed the change`